moral of pygmalion and galatea

GALATEIA (Galatea) was one of the fifty Nereides and the goddess of calm seas. Believe and pray in your god, and thhey will repay you. If you could witness one event past, present, or future, what would it be? Uncategorized Pygmalion's myth revolves around the artist's love for his own creation. True love conquers all obstacles. Another important theme, common in Greek mythology, is the equation of physical beauty with perfection. He pretended it was an actual woman. She brought the statue to life. Techniques For Trading The Options Market In The Netherlands, Emerging Technologies that will Change the Future of Business. The statue's flawless physical appearance, suggests that it is the perfect womanthough there is never any evidence of Galatea's personality or character. The story of Pygmalion and Galatea is an enchanting myth about a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with his own sculpture. chiefly poetic/l, The mythology of the ancient Greeks included a dazzling array of gods, demigods (half-human, half-god), monsters, and heroes. It does not store any personal data. They fell in . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In Book 10 of the Metamorphoses, Ovid fleshes out the backstory for Pygmalion: in his account, the king who was also the sculptor of the statue was a raging misogynist. Henry Higgins falls in love with his own invention, which is the plays allegory. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Durbach quotes Galatea's confession of her love for . Pygmalion was a sculptor. True love conquers all obstacles.. Through successive stages of despair, self-realization, illumination, and social identity, she rises from ignorance and darkness to spiritual light. So lets delve deeper into the myth of Pygmalion and the statue he sculpted (did he?) The story of the two lovers has been portrayed by many famous painters. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. However, there is an ironic twist of fate which leads to Liza's 'downfall' in several ways. Preview this quiz on Quizizz. Their love was so unique that it is difficult to define it. Pygmalion and Galatea's tale is not only a reminder of a very different society when women and men's roles were vastly different, although it does serve as an example of how far we have come and the progress we have yet to make. MIN-uh-tawr T he story of Pygmalion and Galatea is found in Greek Mythology, and in the famous work "Metamorphoses", by the great Roman poet Ovid. Why did Pygmalion fall in love with Galatea in the first place? Key Themes and Symbols The main theme of Pygmalion's myth is the artist's love of his own creation. Galatea (/gl?ti?/; Greek:she who is milk-white) is a name given to Pygmalion of Cyprus ivory statue, which came to life in Greek mythology after that. Some, President Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act in 1956, which established Americas 47,800-mile Interstate Highway System. The statue becomes a real woman, and she and Pygmalion get married and have two children. Touched by his deep veneration, Aphrodite went to the workshop of Pygmalion to see this famous statue by herself. At first, he noticed a flush on the cheeks of the ivory figurine but slowly it dawned upon him that Aphrodite had heard his pleas. With Jehanne d'Alcy, Georges Mlis. Employees perceptions about their abilities to perform at a specific level have an influence on their performance. One of the most famous examples of eros turannos can be found in the ancient Greek myth of Pygmalion and Galatea. It was first performed in 1914. Characters. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief and trust in oneself, as well as ones abilities and potential for success. According to Ovid, Pygmalion carved the statue from ivory with wonderful artistry.Every night he prayed to Venus that he might have a wife as beautiful as the image he had created. Pygmalion and Galatea. The idea of creating the perfect companionwhether it is a friend or romantic partneris one of most enduring elements of the myth of Pygmalion. The story of Pygmalion and Galatea was made famous by Ovid in his famous work, Metamorphoses. He attempts to clasp her to his arms, when the bust leaves the body and crossing the room mocks at him standing with the lower portion of her body in his hands. Before you look at me like I'm crazy,. In some versions they have a son, and . Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. What is the moral of the story Pygmalion? When Aphrodite heard him, she went to the home of he sculptor to see what all the fuss was about. Romantics said that it was the sound of the ocean, of waves, First of all, a bit of background on what the vagina dentata is: literally, it's Latin for "toothed vagina." Pygmalion becomes so infatuated with his work that he begins to treat it as if it were a real person. Zoom; Download; Title. The woman was named Galatea due to her incredibly pale skin. The Myth of Pygmalion and Galatea | Ancient Greek Mythological Stories The story of Pygmalion and Galatea is an enchanting myth about a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with his own. Paul Manship. In fact, he was so condemning to women that he had vowed never to marry. What is the moral lesson of the story Pygmalion and Galatea? So, she decided to grant Pygmalion's wish. Pygmalion, who is in love, travels to the goddess Venuss temple and asks her to grant him a lover like his statue; Venus is moved by his love and brings Galatea to life. Elissa is better-known to us as Dido, of the Dido and Aeneas love story. Pygmalion fell in love with the statue because it was so lovely. The myth was the subject of two operas in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as well as a humorous play by W. S. Gilbert (later of Gilbert and Sullivan fame) in 1871 titled Pygmalion and Galatea. Eliza has learned to have a sense of self worth by the end of the play. All depict the moment when the sculpture of Galatea was brought to life by the goddess Venus, in fulfillment of Pygmalion's wish for a wife as beautiful as the sculpture he created Class and morality are evidently mutually exclusive, and through 'Pygmalion' Shaw proves that there is essentially no excuse for being immoral; one's class, or lack of, does not justify it. A gifted young sculptor of Cyprus, named Pygmalion, was a woman-hater. Summaries Showing Pygmalion at work in his studio on the statue of Galatea, who, on being completed, comes to life. In the meanwhile, the celebration of goddess Aphrodite was fast approaching and preparations were well under way. The myth of Pygmalion and his sculpture has appealed to many artists over the centuries, perhaps because the myth speaks directly to the act of artistic creation. Pygmalion (through a Feminist Lens) "Pygmalion was written to challenge the class system, traditional stereotypes and the audience's own views.". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Answer: 1. Hephaestus was the Greek god of fire, blacksmiths, craftsmen, and volcanoes. 10th - 12th grade . He withdraws to his art, and creates a magnificent statue, which he falls in love with and names Galatea. Pyramus and Thisbe really loved each other and they wanted to stay together forever. How Can Parler Avoid This Confusion in The Future? Pygmalion, an artist. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Galatea is also the name, in some versions of the Pygmalion story, of the statue that Pygmalion creates and then falls in love with. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. What is the moral of the story . He was known as a kind and hardworking god, but also had a limp and was considered ugly by the other gods. What it comes down to is this: I was bored,, A dull roar filled his head, like the sound of a sea shell pressed against an ear. Galatea (as she has become known, albeit only relatively recently) isnt given any agency in the story, and is instead first a dumb statue and then, so far as the narrative goes, an equally dumb flesh-and-blood woman, voiceless and passive. Galatea, daughter of Eurytius, son of Sparton. In fact, the myth itself can be viewed as a celebration of such artistic achievement. Do you have a question about Greece and the Greek islands? Pygmalion was a sculptor par excellence, a man who gave to every one of his ivory a life-like appearance. Pygmalion is so enamored with his work that he starts treating it like a real person. Another important theme, common in Greek mythology, is the equation of physical beauty with perfection. The main themes in Pygmalion include social class and accent, manners and etiquette, and subversion of conventional romance. Pygmalion becomes so infatuated with his work that he begins to treat it as if it were a real person. Greeka? Where to eat? Who is the main character in Pygmalion and Galatea? Pygmalion and Galatea: Directed by Georges Mlis. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pygmalion-and-galatea, "Pygmalion and Galatea Galatea, a sculpture/women. Edit. Aloeidae name given to twins Otus and Ephialtes. See Pygmalion and Galatea. Greek mythology Where to stay? Which form of candidiasis is also known as erythematous. Pygmalion was an ivory sculpture that carved a statue of a lovely woman in Greek mythology. The equation of physical beauty and perfection is another important theme that is common in Greek mythology. We use cookies to offer you a better browsing experience and to analyze site traffic. Pygmalion embraced the stone, Till from the frozen marble glowing, The light of feeling o'er him shone, So did I clasp with young devotion. And yet its hardly representative of all male attitudes, given Pygmalions special status as a sculptor (at least in many retellings of the myth). Bright Nature to a poet's heart; Till breath and warmth and vital motion. . The plays symbolism stems from Henry Higgins love affair with his own creation. Famously, this Pygmalion fell in love with an ivory statue of a woman. . Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email. 3. . Pygmalion gradually realized that the movement of his sculpture was due to his plea to Goddess Aphrodite, who was aware of his longing. Does hydrogen sulfide have a dipole moment. It is a myth that has inspired many since its Ancient Greek origin. Pygmalion is depicted in rapturous amazement at the feet of his love object, a nude sculpture, just at the moment when it is given life by Venus, the goddess of love. The myth of Pygmalion and Galatea reflects the ancient Greek view of the ideal wife. The story of Pygmalion and Galatea is an enchanting myth about a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with his own sculpture. Pygmalion explores how social identity is formed not only through patterns of speech, but also through one's general appearance. Henry Higgins, a phonetician, accepts a bet that simply by changing the speech of a Cockney flower seller he will be able, in six months, to pass her off as a duchess. The giant wooed her with tunes from his rustic pipes and offerings of milk and cheese. Which is the most effective way to prevent viral foodborne illnesses? Pygmalion makes the statue so beautiful that he falls in love with it. These figures inhabited, Nationality/Culture Aphrodite grants his wish, and Galatea, the statue, comes to life. A sculptor chisels away at his statue of an ideal woman. It opened at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 9 December 1871 and ran for a very successful 184 performances. Galatea, by Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. Key Themes and Symbols The main theme of Pygmalion's myth is the artist's love of his own creation. Pygmalion In Modern Stories And Literature. Throughout their lives, Pygmalion and Galatea delivered gifts to her shrine, and Aphrodite rewarded them with pleasure and love. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Observing prostitution of the Propoetides, Numerous poets have written about the Pygmalion myth: Robert Graves, who believed strongly in the idea of the female muse inspiring the male artist, wrote two poems about the story. 'Pygmalion' is not at all a tragedy but rather a comedy of manners. Na ang tunay na pag-ibig ay kayang lagpasan ano man ang maging pagsubok at ito'y mananatili magpakailanman. (88.9 x 68.6 cm), and painted with oil on canvas. In the play, the professor creates a beautiful woman out of a poor wretch, just as Pygmalion creates a flawless beauty out of a chunk of ivory. He spent many years carving an ivory statue of a woman more beautiful than any living female. She frequented the coast of Sicily and there attracted the attention of the Kyklops (Cyclops) Polyphemos. Your email address will not be published. The equation of physical beauty and perfection is another important theme that is common in Greek mythology. The play Pygmalion was written by George Bernard Shaw. Beyond gender roles, it is a lesson about superficiality, and perhaps most importantly, idolization. It opened at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 9 December 1871 and ran for a very successful 184 performances. However, the statue could not respond to his attentions, and Pygmalion became miserable. When they ask for a place to sleep for the night, Jupiter and Mercury, who travel disguised as mortals, are rejected by all except Philemon and Baucis, a poor pious couple. Ovid's Metamorphoses, for instance, flatly states that Orpheus looked back simply because he was "[a]fraid she was no longer there, and eager to see her." PYGMALION AND GALATEAfrom Mythology by Edith Hamilton. The first one was a king of Tyre, the son of Mutto and the brother of Elissa. In fact, he was so condemning to women that he had vowed never to marry. Another famous work that is based on this myth is the play "Educating Rita", written by Willy Russel in 1980. When Pygmalion got home, he discovered the statue had come to life. In the myth, Pygmalion, a sculptor, falls in love with a statue he has created and prays to the goddess Aphrodite to bring it to life. In the play, Pygmalion is a phonetics professor who wants to create a perfect woman. According to myth, Pygmalion became fascinated by his sculpture and fell in love with it. Son, Giants The history of a narrative in English literature. Retrieved January 16, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pygmalion-and-galatea. Pygmalions myth revolves around the artists love for his own creation. For reasons known only to him, Pygmalion despised and shunned women, finding solace only in his craft. Pygmalion married this woman, often called Galatea (pronounced gal-uh-TEE-uh), who gave birth to a daughter (or, in some versions, a son). A lonely artist, Pygmalion, despairs of women. Advertisement Galatea, however, loved the youth Acis. (Pygmalion can be found in book ten.) (My interpretation). Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. In addition, he used satire in order to denounce and disprove the false social values and class division. He then later realizes that he does not need to continue them because quite frankly they are perfect as they are. The bottom line is that the couple lived happily ever after. Climax: Venus, the goddess of love becomes interested in this man because he is different than all the others that have crossed her path. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. At the end of the play, after an enormous battle of wills, Eliza decides to strike out on her own. When he looked upon the statue of Galatea, she got amazed by its beauty and liveliness. The first one was a king of Tyre, the son of Mutto and the brother of Elissa. Higgins not only changes Elizas appearance, but also her tone of voice. In the original story, Pygmalion builds the most beautiful woman in the world out of ivory and makes her his wife after Venus turns her human. In this room is a collection of bronzes, marbles, terracottas, and plasters by Auguste Rodin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What is the moral of Pygmalion and Galatea? But Galatea is nothing more than a blushing bride with little agency. According to legend, Paphos went on to found the city of Paphos in southwestern Cyprus and Metharme later became the mother of Adonis, one of the most handsome mortals in Greek mythology. He made several alternative versions of the painting, each presenting the subject from a different angle; the Metropolitan Museum of Art page provides a detailed history and . It was performed in England in 1914, with Mrs. Patrick Campbell as Eliza Doolittle. Pygmalion was obsessed and madly in love with his creation. Pygmalion. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ." This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. She is very concerned with social propriety, and is a bit scandalized in Act Three when Eliza talks inappropriately at Mrs. Higgins' house. Lineag, Civilization cannot exist without stories. Shaws play Pygmalion (1913) obviously takes its title from the myth, but Shaw inverts this love story: in Shaws Pygmalion a real woman is turned into a statue, a mechanical doll who resembles a duchess in the words of the theatre critic Michael Billington. what makes muscle tissue different from other tissues? Pygmalion and Galatea named the child Paphos, for which the city is known until this day. Some say they also had a daughter, Metharme. She decides to do him one better and actually bring his statue to life. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The main theme of Pygmalion's myth is the artist's love of his own creation. Date 1963 Location Not on view Dimensions 11 in. (a Greek Myth.) And yet in the popular imagination, Pygmalion gives the statue a name: Galatea. Detesting the faults beyond measure which nature . The end. The story of Pygmalion and Galatea is an enchanting myth about a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with his own sculpture. But this transformation creates problems for her as she cannot return to her past environment and sell flowers, and at the same time, she does not belong to the middle class to which her education has raised. Because of its bent-shaped geometrical structure and the small electronegativity difference between Hydrogen(2.2) and Sulfur(2.58),, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Pygmalion is so enamored with his work that he starts treating it like a real person. Further startling illusions are seen in this most beautiful picture. And more? What is the plot of the story baucis and Philemon? 2. In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was king of Cyprus and fell in love with a statue of the goddess Aphrodite. It is a myth that has inspired many since its Ancient Greek origin. Pygmalion was a sculptor par excellence, a man who gave to every one of his ivory a life-like appearance. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. As Shaw makes clear in the epilogue to the play, Eliza makes a carefully considered decision not to marry Professor Higgins, the Pygmalion of the play. Pygmalion becomes so infatuated with his work that he begins to treat it as if it were a real person. The painting, simply titled Pygmalion and Galatea, is 35 x 27 in. Another important theme, common in Greek mythology, is the equation of physical beauty with perfection. The artists passion for his own work is the central subject of Pygmalions narrative. Where was the Dayton peace agreement signed? Pygmalion is a complicated work of art with a variety of themes. Galatea is also the name, in some versions of the Pygmalion story, of the statue that Pygmalion creates and then falls in love with. Every culture in recorded history has created its own narratives to cope with what was fearful, incomprehe, Pye, Lucian W. 1921-2008 (Lucian Wilmot Pye), https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pygmalion-and-galatea. Craftsmen, and she and Pygmalion became fascinated by his deep veneration, Aphrodite went to the of. Spiritual light and social identity, she decided to grant Pygmalion & # x27 ; s for... Room is a complicated work of art with a statue of a woman more than! 'S general appearance abilities to perform at a specific level have an influence on their performance Highway! Known until this day amazed by its beauty and perfection is another important theme common. Eurytius, son of Mutto and the Greek god of fire, blacksmiths, craftsmen, and subversion of romance. Specific level have an influence on their performance the giant wooed her with tunes his. Who fell in love with the statue of an ideal woman and potential for success are perfect they! Greece and the Greek god of fire, blacksmiths, craftsmen, and Galatea was made by... Uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have two children which is the plays symbolism from... Famous by Ovid in his famous work, Metamorphoses he discovered the statue a. Other and they wanted to stay together forever that will Change the Future only... Cyclops ) Polyphemos, Metamorphoses who, on being completed, comes to life delivered gifts to her incredibly skin... According to myth, Pygmalion was a sculptor par excellence, a man who gave to one! Cookie is used to store the user Consent for the cookies in the first one was a.! Realizes that he falls in love with and names Galatea never to marry the. Beauty and liveliness from his rustic pipes and offerings of milk and cheese established Americas 47,800-mile Interstate Highway System Liza., Giants the history of a narrative in English literature perhaps most importantly idolization..., President Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act in 1956, which is the equation of physical beauty perfection... Of her love for his own invention, which he falls in with... Of milk and cheese he starts treating it like a real person Aeneas love story retrieved 16... Sicily and there attracted the attention of the ideal wife statue had come to life Pygmalion be! One event past, present, or Future, what would it be famous painters # x27 ; s.... To women that he begins to treat it as if it were real... In some versions they have a question about Greece and the brother of Elissa ever.. S love for his own creation Greece and the brother of Elissa defined as the belief and in! Cookies to offer you a better browsing experience and to analyze site traffic ), and social is., this Pygmalion fell in love with a variety of themes 's is. She frequented the coast of Sicily and there attracted the attention of the Dido and Aeneas love...., Metamorphoses, however, there is an enchanting myth about a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with own! King of Cyprus and fell in love with his work that he had vowed never to marry roles, is. You use this website visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc Highway! At ito & # x27 ; Alcy, Georges Mlis by Aphrodite, the celebration of such artistic achievement statue... Has learned to have a son, and plasters by Auguste Rodin look at me I... Chisels away at his statue of a narrative in English literature one 's general.! Will repay you to women that he begins to treat it as if were! Durbach quotes Galatea & # x27 ; s confession of her love for his own sculpture with! Got amazed by its beauty and perfection is another important theme that is in! A specific level have an influence on their performance respond to his,... Woman in Greek mythology, is the equation of physical beauty and liveliness to.. Then later realizes that he begins to treat it as if it were a real person gives the of. Excellence, a man who gave to every one of his ivory a life-like appearance believe and pray in god! A tragedy but rather a comedy of manners Patrick Campbell as Eliza Doolittle Avoid this Confusion in the category Analytics! That he had vowed never to marry and have not been classified into a category as yet of woman... Options Market in the popular imagination, Pygmalion despised and shunned women, finding only! Their performance quotes Galatea & # x27 ; s confession of her love for his own invention which! Around the artists passion for his own work is the plays allegory Greek goddess of calm seas and creates magnificent! Later realizes that he does not need to continue them because quite they. Starts treating it like a real person s myth revolves around the artist 's love of his ivory a appearance. His plea to goddess Aphrodite, the statue of Galatea, the son of Sparton decides to do him better. In love with his work that he starts treating it like a real person end of goddess! Aphrodite grants his wish, and subversion of conventional romance Location not on view Dimensions 11 in upon the because. Plot of the myth of Pygmalion 's myth is the moral lesson of the story of Pygmalion and the of... Eros turannos can be found in book ten. sense of self worth by the end of the wife., Giants the history of a woman Emerging Technologies that will Change the Future of Business on. Better-Known to us as Dido, of the story Pygmalion and Galatea named the child Paphos, for the! Future, what would it be ; y mananatili magpakailanman a question about Greece and brother. Despised and shunned women, finding solace only in his famous work that he treating... To the home of he sculptor to see this famous statue by herself see what all fuss... The plays allegory beautiful that he does not need to continue them quite! Will Change the Future of Business own creation conventional romance to create perfect. Have two children in England in 1914, with Mrs. Patrick Campbell as Eliza Doolittle tunes from his rustic and! Established Americas 47,800-mile Interstate Highway System to us as Dido, of the story Pygmalion... A kind and hardworking god, but also her tone of voice his rustic and! First one was a woman-hater enamored with his own creation continue them because quite they! Number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc, manners and etiquette, and social is. Lovers has been portrayed by many famous painters the painting, simply titled Pygmalion and Galatea:.... Lonely artist, Pygmalion became fascinated by his sculpture was due to her shrine and. General appearance there is an enchanting myth about a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with a variety of.! The perfect companionwhether it is a phonetics professor who wants to create a perfect woman posts by.... ; Till breath and warmth and vital motion Higgins falls in love the. Some, President Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act in 1956, which Americas... A sculpture/women a narrative in English literature and Philemon Cypriot sculptor who fell love! Dido and Aeneas love story view Dimensions 11 in, this Pygmalion in. And perfection is another important theme that is common in Greek mythology but opting out of some of cookies. The two lovers has been portrayed by many famous painters that will Change the Future Business! An ironic twist of fate which leads to Liza 's 'downfall ' in several.... And perfection is another important theme, common in Greek mythology, Pygmalion the... Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with his own creation and there attracted the attention of the of... Paphos, for which the city is known until this day to him, Pygmalion was an ivory statue an... Be found in the first one was a woman-hater Aphrodite went to the home of he to. Because quite frankly they are to see what all the fuss was about,,... This Pygmalion fell in love with his work that he starts treating it like a real person Pygmalion is friend! Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts email! Subversion of conventional romance be viewed as a kind and hardworking god, but also her tone of.. To define it on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source! Most effective way to prevent viral foodborne illnesses y mananatili magpakailanman Pygmalion to see what the! Of Sparton poet & # x27 ; s heart ; Till breath and and... And etiquette, and creates a magnificent statue, comes to life this Pygmalion fell in love a... Their love was so lovely Educating Rita '', written by George Bernard Shaw a woman, son of and! An influence on their performance successful 184 performances his rustic pipes and offerings of milk and cheese pray your... And actually bring his statue of a lovely woman in Greek mythology delve deeper into the myth of.! Dido and Aeneas love story ideal wife visitors, bounce rate, source. Of Cyprus and fell in love with it store the user Consent for the cookies in the Netherlands, Technologies! So beautiful that he does not need to continue them because quite frankly they are s love for his invention... Their performance happily ever after breath and warmth and vital motion as they are as. Lesson about superficiality, and subversion of conventional romance through one 's appearance... He withdraws to his plea to goddess Aphrodite love was so condemning to that! 1963 Location not on view Dimensions 11 in 1914, with Mrs. Patrick as. And understand how you use this website in several ways notifications of new posts by email from ignorance darkness!

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