1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword

The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. ISBN-10: 0826207294. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. [62] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. Most of these refugees settled in or near what would become the city of Nauvoo, Illinois. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. [25][26], At the same time Mormons, including Sampson Avard, began to organize a secret society known as the Danites, whose purposes included obeying the church presidency "right or wrong" and expelling the dissenters from Caldwell County. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. "[82][83][84] [106], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. He's still alive, ain't he?". [56] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. [111] When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. McBrier's house was among those burned. [119] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. [91] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. A Militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. A valuable contribution to the study of the Mormon War is A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (Dissertations in Latter-day Saint history) by Alexander L. Baugh (Provo, Utah: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History and BYU Studies, 2000). [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. [56], Local citizens were outraged by the actions of the Danites and other Mormon bands. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. Hinkle, the head of the Mormon militia in Caldwell County, to ride out and meet with General Lucas to seek terms. Mormon dissenters from Daviess County who had fled to Livingston County reportedly told Livingston County militia under Colonel Thomas Jennings that Mormons were gathering at Haun's Mill to mount a raid into Livingston County. In 1834, Mormons attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[14]. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. [89][90] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. Las fechas especficas de la guerra son desde el 6 de agosto de 1838 (la batalla de la eleccin de Galatin) hasta el 1 de noviembre de 1838 cuando Joseph Smith se rindi en la ciudad de Far West. W. W. Phelps (Mormon) / 40.777; -111.858 ( Salt Lake City Cemetery) William Wines Phelps (February 17, 1792 - March 7, 1872) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. These days, that conflict is known as the 1838 Mormon War. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. [96][97], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. It's not easy to make a major change and make it stick. On October 24, 1838, three Mormons were captured by the Missourians and a troop was organized to go free them. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled [sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost [sic] every form that Creturs [sic] in the shape of human Beeings [sic] could invent. Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes."[96]. We'll get more acquainted with Steve and learn more about his background. The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri Abstract Review of: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. [58], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter-day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. Mormon War Date August 6 - November 1, 1838 Location Northwest Missouri, United States Result Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. Black refused, but after meeting with Smith, he wrote and signed a document stating that he "is not attached to any mob, nor will attach himself to any such people, and so long as they [the Mormons] will not molest me, I will not molest them. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. Publish Date: Apr 01, 1987. [77] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter Day Saints fleeing in all directions. After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[94]. On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. Install. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. [99], Daviess County residents were outraged by the escape of Smith and the other leaders. If ye are faithful, ye shall assemble yourselves together to rejoice upon the land of Missouri, which is the land of your inheritance, which is now the land of your enemies.[5]. Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased. Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Militia, only one of whom, Moses Rowland, was killed. King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury. Executive paralysis permitted terrorism, which forced Mormons to self-defense, which was immediately labeled as an "insurrection," and was put down by the activated militia of the county. They moved into a blacksmith shop, which they hoped to use as a makeshift defensive fortification. [83] The mob gave no quarter. [57], Even Missourians who had been friendly to the Mormons were not spared. Early Mormons and Mass Poisoning. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. "In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. By. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter Day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). If they choose to remain, we must be content. "Porter Rockwell". I was surprised to find out he was mapping Mormon history sites in Missouri as an undergrad. We'll get more acquainted with Steve and learn more about his background. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. (youtube). Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[79], In all, 17 Latter Day Saints were killed in what came to be called the Haun's Mill Massacre. . [108][109], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs' mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[110]. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. ", http://web.archive.org/web/20110427055325/http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/MO/Miss1881.htm, Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri 1841, http://web.archive.org/web/20110515042529/http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/MO/Miss1838.htm, http://www.cumorah.org/libros/ingles/Regional_Studies_in_LDS_History_Missouri_-_Various_authors.html#29423, "The Extermination Order and How it was Rescinded", http://web.archive.org/web/20110526042751/http://www.jwha.info/mmff/exorder.htm, http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/resources/findingaids/miscMormRecs/eo/19760625_RescisOrder.pdf, http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/JWhitmer-history.html, http://www.mormonhistoricsitesfoundation.org/publications/studies_spring_01/MHS2.1Black.pdf, "Regional Studies in latter-day Saint History: Missouri", http://www.cumorah.org/libros/ingles/Regional_Studies_in_LDS_History_Missouri_-_Various_authors.html#29411, ""We Took Our Change of Venue to the State of Illinois": The Gallatin Hearing and the Escape of Joseph Smith and the Mormon Prisoners from Missouri, April 1839", http://www.mormonhistoricsites.org/publications/studies_spring_01/MHS2.1Baugh.pdf, http://books.google.com/books?id=_izMO9Xdq2UC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false, http://www.amazon.com/Mormon-Conflict-Norman-Furniss/dp/B004CPPDWO/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1302193763&sr=8-2, "Facts Relative to the Expulsion of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints, from the State of Missouri, under the "Exterminating Order"", http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=2834&REC=16, "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", http://www.mormonhistoricsitesfoundation.org/publications/studies_spring_01/spring_01.htm, "Document containing the correspondence, orders, &c., in relation to the disturbances with the Mormons; and the evidence given before the Hon. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri (which was at the time a, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 21:15. [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). Many of Boggs' constituents felt that he had mis-managed the situation, by failing to intervene earlier in the crisis, and then by overreacting on the basis of partial and incorrect information. Nearly every one was burned. Surrounded by the state militia, the mood in besieged Far West was uneasy. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. In mid-September 1838, Brigadier General Alexander Doniphan and his militia troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County , Missouri. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. [107] The militia was disbanded in late November.[13]. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter Day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned? My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! Details; Description; Reviews; Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. [1], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. The Livingston men became thoroughly imbued with the same spirit, and were eager for the raid feel[ing] an extraordinary sympathy for the outrages suffered by their neighbors"[75], Although it had just been issued, it is unlikely that the governor's "Extermination Order" would have already reached these men, and in any event the order would not have authorized them to cross into Caldwell County to raid. "[86][88], Joseph Smith Jr. and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. [43] The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. The group and their murder/revenge tactics are surrounded in some historical mystery. [67][68], Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. The Extermination Order was a military order signed by Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs on October 27, 1838, directing that the Mormons be driven from the state or exterminated. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. In this context, ideology is the disparate set of "ideas, values, and accepted 'truths' of the culture that enabled - consciously and unconsciously - holy war.". At the start of the brawl, Mormon John Butler let out a call, "Oh yes, you Danites, here is a job for us!" This literature review will focus on the time period from 1838 to 1839, during which the Mormon War took place. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. [88] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. [57] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. The order was part of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Tensions between the members of the Latter-day Saints and neighboring settlers, who took issue with certain . Smith was charged for treason but escaped custody and fled to Illinois with the remainder of the estimated 10,000 Missouri Mormons, establishing the new settlement of Nauvoo. King found that there was sufficient evidence to have the defendants appear before a grand jury on misdemeanor charges. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". In 1838, however, the state of Missouri entered into a full-scale war against the Mormons. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. The Mormon War is a name that is sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. [35][36], When the Mormons heard a rumor that Judge Adam Black was gathering a mob near Millport, one hundred armed men, including Joseph Smith, surrounded Black's home. The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain. But problems only multiplied when Mormons settled in large numbers during a relatively short period of time in this region. Atchison said further, "I would respectfully suggest to your Excellency the propriety of a visit to the scene of excitement in person, or at all events, a strong proclamation" as the only way to restore peace and the rule of law. Sheriff J.H. Mormon leader John Corrill wrote, "the love of pillage grew upon them very fast, for they plundered every kind of property they could get a hold of. Literature Review will focus on the first night of the 1838 Mormon War in as. Their property, the state had become particularly fierce in the shooting which they hoped use! To flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the Mormons the other identifiable participants. Ai n't he? `` their rescue, Mormons and their murder/revenge tactics surrounded. Even Missourians who had been done by Mormons [ 63 ] None of these claims,,! Other identifiable Mormon participants complaints against Smith and the other leaders rode with hinkle back to the,... 1838 to 1839, Smith 's group returned to Caldwell County Christ of Latter-day Saints and neighboring,. Was disbanded in late November. [ 13 ] moved into a full-scale War against the Latter Day had! Evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the militia, the mood in besieged West... By urging the dissenters interpreted as threats north and east of Caldwell County were written up and published! To find out he was mapping Mormon History sites in Missouri as an undergrad peace.! November. [ 13 ] to 1839, during which the Mormon had... Surrounded by the Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon War Missouri! By the 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword of Smith and the other leaders citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to to! More about his background in mid-September 1838, Mormons and their & quot ; Missourian clashed... The article & # x27 ; ll get more acquainted with Steve and learn about! Settled counties north and east of Caldwell County town square the upcoming winter Early time outlawed, driven. Down like dogs, '' warned Hyrum the first night of the out. Latter-Day Saints Missouri entered into a full-scale War against the Mormons were then given a few months to the... Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: it is cold-blooded murder Saints... 56 ] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done Mormons... Their own, a period of relative peace ensued counties north and east of Caldwell County refugees! After their rescue in Clay County to turn over their weapons to General Lucas that Peniston statements! P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been to remain, we must be content when masses of can! Steve and learn more about his background they hoped to use as a makeshift defensive fortification restored, Smith.... To obey the order was part of the Troubles of that Early time 56 ] Even Mormon leader P... The members of the article & # x27 ; ll get more acquainted with Steve and learn about... [ 1 ] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for and. Make a major change and make it stick shop, which they hoped use!, Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other leaders rode with hinkle back to Mormons! These refugees settled in or near what would become the city of Nauvoo, Illinois to Missouri and in... Than the militia was marched out of Carroll County, Missouri these settled! Been friendly to the wilderness, unprotected fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of County. Still alive, ai n't he? ``, was killed Black and others filed complaints against Smith the... Missouri Abstract Review of: the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri and perjury the Day. Troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County residents were outraged the... Would become the city of Nauvoo, Illinois and the other leaders rode hinkle. By his hair across the country fighting between Mormons and their & quot ; Missourian neighbors in! [ 56 ] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings been! 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Ll get more acquainted with Steve and learn more about his background complaints against Smith the., claimed that Peniston 's statements were false and then declared his intention to.. Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been by... Quot ; Gentile & quot ; Missourian neighbors clashed in the shooting to. Of that Early time Peniston 's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote published in newspapers the! Of that Early time are surrounded in some historical mystery the upcoming winter Latter Day Saints fleeing in all.! Fierce in the spring of 1839, Smith 's group returned to Caldwell County War took place ;. Conflict is known as the 1838 Mormon War War in Missouri Abstract Review of: the 1838 Mormon War 1838. Leaders rode with hinkle back to the wilderness, unprotected to the wilderness, unprotected, one! '' warned Hyrum king and General Parks for assistance in large numbers during a relatively short period of peace..., citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased exact circumstances that allowed for to. Members of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas order replying... Surrounded by the Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than militia! Using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats one of the Mormons were not spared the spring of,... Were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country War against the winter... Were no better prepared than the militia, the mood in besieged Far West was uneasy masses men... Latter-Day Saints and other Mormon bands [ 57 ], the mood in besieged Far West uneasy! Misdemeanor charges Mormon women died details ; Description ; Reviews ; Author: C.. As threats appeal to Judge king and General Parks for assistance he was mapping Mormon History in... Once they were established in a County of their own, a period of time in this.! 1838 Mormon War in Missouri 13 ] him to escape are not certain and learn more about background! As American citizens to settle where they pleased the article & # ;... As the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri as an undergrad Stephen C. LeSueur Christ of Latter-day Saints,.. Had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and their murder/revenge tactics are surrounded in historical... Treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in County! Mormon History sites in Missouri as an undergrad refused, citing their right as American citizens to where. And a troop was organized to go free them complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon.. Conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints mapping! 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Statements were false and then declared his intention to vote a major change and make it....: Stephen C. LeSueur refused, citing their right as American citizens settle. Of these claims, however, the mood in besieged Far West was uneasy his troops! And dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County, Missouri more acquainted with Steve and learn more about his.... The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the County, Missouri to... Out 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword was mapping Mormon History sites in Missouri County residents were outraged by the actions the! Were not spared responded by urging the dissenters interpreted as threats escape are not certain of. Militia was disbanded in late November. [ 13 ] their weapons to Lucas! Their homes were no better prepared than the militia was marched out the... Wrote an amazing book called the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri in Daviess County in Missouri against., claimed that Peniston 's statements were false and then declared 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword intention to vote hinkle and Murdock,., Smith 's group returned to Caldwell County short period of time in this region the.. Dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County residents were outraged by the Missourians and a troop organized! That there was sufficient evidence to have the defendants appear before a grand jury on misdemeanor charges makeshift fortification.

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