western front ww2 casualties

Radiation Effects Research Foundation How many people died as a result of the atomic bombings? Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. 1992-6, Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999. ), Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Lithuanian civilian war dead in 194145 at 345,000 (25,000 in military operations; 230,000 executed, 15,000 in Germany and 75,000 due to hunger and disease. No sure count of even the prepaid populations existed. Total Bulgarian military war dead were 18,500 including 6,671 battle deaths. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. U.S. Army figures include the deaths of 5,337 from the Philippines and 165 from Puerto Rico (see p.118). 3). [246] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons. Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung. Detailed by country: Rummel estimates POW deaths in Japanese custody at 539,000. Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone (according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe Asia Studies Vol. Reported deaths for the years 19391945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629. ), The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported from 1951 to 1960 that 254,000 military personnel and civilians were confirmed dead and 95,000 went missing in Soviet hands after the war. Altogether 35,000 of the 240,000 Europeans died; most of them were men of working age.". 1978), Mikhalev, S. N (2000). Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian). The US Ninth Army, which had remained under British command since the battle of the Bulge, went south as the northern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement as well as pushing elements east. German historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn (2010) have published a detailed study of the flight and expulsions. Not Included in the figure of 210,000 war dead are 70,000 "indirect war casualties", The Greek National Council for Reparations from Germany reports the following casualties during the, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence editor of the, Guam was a United States administered territory during World War Two. vs. Australia 199,511 killed and 15,000 wounded. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Russian historian. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. The Breskens pocket on the southern bank of the Scheldt was cleared with heavy casualties by allied forces in Operation Switchback, during the Battle of the Scheldt. Bilanz der Forschung unter besonderer Bercksichtigung der Wehrmacht- und Vertreibungsverluste, in: Der Zweite Weltkrieg. Java: 2,700, 3,800, (6,500) Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Japanese war dead (193745) totaled 3.1million persons including 2.3million soldiers and Army/Navy civilian employees, 500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 civilians living outside of Japan. These figures include 593,000 Germany in 1937 borders. By mid-September, the 6th Army Group, advancing from the south, came into contact with Bradley's formations advancing from the west and overall control of Devers' force passed from AFHQ in the Mediterranean so that all three army groups came under Eisenhower's central command at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces). Curiously, until the autumn of 1916 German casualties on the Eastern Front in proportion to the number of men were not smaller than in the West despite Russian weakness in artillery and ammunition. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. [147] Sumatra: 2,700, 500, (3,200) 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. They estimated German casualties up until April 30, 1945, at 2,230,324 dead, 2,870,404 missing and POW held by Allies. This belief is untrue. In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. The United Nations reported in 1947 that "about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation." MacArthur in Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase, Volume I Supplement U.S. Government printing Office 1966, p. 130, endnote 36", "Overall Report of Damage Sustained by the Nation During the Pacific War Economic Stabilization Agency, Planning Department, Office of the Secretary General, 1949", "Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Subsequent Weapons Testing". The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. [447] Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces, Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 194145 on the. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. Major German units in the French southwest that had not been committed in Normandy withdrew, either eastwards towards Alsace (sometimes directly across the US 6th Army Group's advance) or into the ports with the intention of denying them to the Allies. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. Eisei Ishikawa, David L. Swain, Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Hiroshima and Nagasaki The Physical Medical and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings, Basic Books, 1981. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. 19401959 [The Population of Russia in the 20thcentury: volume2], May Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 19391941, Since the Czech Republic as political entity exists only since 1969/1993, this political name stands for Czech part (. [147] According to Yad Vashem, "During their four years in power, the Ustasa carried out a Serb genocide, exterminating over 500,000, expelling 250,000 and forcing another 200,000 to convert to Catholicism. Korea: 19,600, 6,900, (26,500) The total still missing on 2/28/1946 were 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (18); Eng. Even Patton agreed with Churchill that he should order the attack on the city since Montgomery's troops could reach Berlin within three days. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. These figures include the casualties in Tokyo () 97,031 dead, 6,034 missing and 113,923 injured; in Hiroshima () 86,141 dead, 14,394 missing and 46,672 injured, in Nagasaki () 26,238 dead, 1,947 missing and 41,113 injured. Who killed the most people in ww2? (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany). [2] According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6million,[3][4] including 8 to 9million due to famine and disease. The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. Commissariato generale C.G.V. Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support. German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7million other victims of the Nazis. 1939 Press Photo American Soldiers Honoring French WWII Casualties in Nantes . A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 16,000 Estonians died in Soviet repressions during 194453. The attack was the debut of the Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front and, according to McMullin, "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history". A Japanese academic study published in 1979 by The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki puts the total dead in the atomic attacks at 140,000 ( 10,000) in Hiroshima and 70,000 ( 10,000) in Nagasaki. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 194445. 3- The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000. This was followed by a tedious campaign to clear a peninsula dominating the estuary, and finally, the amphibious assault on Walcheren Island in November. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan bada, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? [45], This article is about the West European theatre. Andreev, E.M.; Darski, L.E. Germany reports. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. Really, it is! 3133. Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps, Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); Holocaust Encyclopedia "How many Catholics were killed during the Holocaust? On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive strategic air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945. That was sometimes done if the deceased was, for example, an ammunition worker, air raid victim or a civilian worker who for some other reason died because of the war. For almost two years, there was no land-fighting on the Western Front with the exception of commando raids and the guerrilla actions of the resistance aided by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Presse-und Informationsamt. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. The Australian government does not regard. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. The Germans had been preparing a massive counter-attack in the West since the Allied breakout from Normandy. The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Czechoslovak casualties: The Danish Ministry of Education has detailed Denmark's losses in the war of about 8,000 persons including 2,685 killed in Denmark in bombing raids, resistance fighters and those executed by the Germans and 3,000 who died outside Denmark including (2,000 merchant seamen, 63 serving with Allied forces, 600 in German camps, 400 workers in Germany). As the operational commander of some of these forces[vague][clarification needed] was Grand Admiral Karl Dnitz, the new Reichsprsident (head of state) of the Third Reich this signaled that the European war was over. [7][8] The Red Army claimed responsibility for the majority of Wehrmacht casualties during World War II. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. "[597] According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "The Croat authorities murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serb residents of Croatia and Bosnia during the period of Ustaa rule; more than 30,000 Croatian Jews were killed either in Croatia or at Auschwitz-Birkenau". In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. Veritable and Grenade were planned to start on 8 February 1945, but Grenade was delayed by two weeks when the Germans flooded the Roer valley by destroying the gates of the Rur Dam upstream. Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. The Kriegsmarine, nonetheless, suffered very heavy losses during the two months of fighting required to seize all of mainland Norway. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). Published in Schulze, Rainer, Flchtlinge und Vertriebene in der westdeutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte: Bilanzierung der Forschung und Perspektiven fr die knftige Forschungsarbeit Hildesheim: A. Lax, 1987. These were built in anticipation of an Allied invasion of France. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Mosaic of Victims: Overview", "Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Genocide of European Roma, 19391945", "Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview", Jewish Responses to the Porajmos The Romani Holocaust, "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Under Japanese internment, 992 died and another 544 were listed as "unknown"; under German internment, 168 died and a further 715 were listed as "unknown". The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). Japan Proper: 58,100, 45,800, (103,900) Allies United StatesUnited Kingdom The German military participated in many aspects of the Holocaust: in supporting Hitler, in the use of forced labor, and in the mass murder of Jews and other groups targeted by the Nazis. Military operations between the occupying German military forces and their "Quislings and collaborators" against the Yugoslav resistance. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. Demographic Research, Vol. But Nazi Germany's military position had been hopeless ever since she had failed to drive the Allied forces into the sea on D-Day. After suffering 2,400 casualties, the most of any beach on D-Day, small groups of U.S. soldiers were able to break through the defenses, opening the way for successive waves. Deported during the War 19411945 about 2.3million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000. Combat Dead by Theater of war: EuropeAtlantic 183,588 (Army ground forces 141,088, Army Air Forces 36,461, and Navy/Coast Guard 6,039); AsiaPacific 108,504 (Army ground forces 41,592, Army Air Forces 15,694, Navy/Coast Guard 31,485, Marine Corps 19,733); unidentified theaters 39 (Army). The breakout by service is as follows: Army 234,874. [12] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable". 4, Prague p. 57, Urlanis, Boris (1971). The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons). Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Czechoslovak war dead of 340,000 persons, 46,000 military and 294,000 civilians. The Japanese Central Liaison Office reported in July 1947 to the Allied occupation authorities that Japanese military dead in 19351945 were 1,687,738 (1,340,700 Army and 347,038 Navy. Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt requested permission to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that further resistance would only delay the inevitable, but was ordered by Hitler to fight where his forces stood. Analysen, Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang (Hrsg. Informationen zur Klrung der Schicksale von Flchtlingen aus den. [40], General Eisenhower's Armies were facing resistance that varied from almost non-existent to fanatical[41] as they advanced toward Berlin, which was located 200km (120mi) from their positions in early April 1945. I have amassed quite a collection of recipes from my favorite cookbooks and food magazines, and now, because of all the foodie blogs out there, I am adding more every day! Okinawa: 67,900, 21,500, (89,400) Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte.. Bonn: Kulturstiftung der deutschen Vertriebenen. These figures include Austria and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe. [13] The table below gives data on the number of dead and military wounded for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. If all went well XXX Corps would advance into Germany without any remaining major obstacles. World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. Total Romanian military war dead were approximately 300,000. Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War II. Having been taken by surprise, the Allies regrouped and the Germans were stopped by a combined air and land counter-attack which eventually pushed them back to their starting points by 25 January 1945. 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . U.S. Dept. B. German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered Untermensch. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. [602] Jewish victims in Yugoslavia totaled 67,122. Bob Guercio Eisenhower calmly said "OK. Original emissaries had no authority to surrender to any of the Allies. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] ^BF United States Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. They reported, "The total number who were killed by the Japanese, or who died from, hunger, disease and lack of medical attention is estimated at 3,000,000 for Java alone, 1,000,000 for the Outer Islands. Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946", "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. In Berlin, the Reichsbanner resistance organization identified possible drop zones for Allied paratroopers and planned to guide them past German defenses into the city.[43]. : (Human Losses of the USSR during the Second World War: a collection of articles). Second phase: July-September 1916 There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. In German Armed Forces 700[94], Polish losses during the Soviet occupation (19391941). [252] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre. Deaths due to air and V-rocket attacks were 60,595 civilians and 1,206 British Home Guard. The British used the Egyptian army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields. [253] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 193940 and 5,458,000 from 1941 to 1945. POW deaths 3,000. The Black Forest and Baden were overrun by the French First Army.[when?] While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. Krasnoiarskii gos. An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. 360,000 dead or wounded, and 1,900,000 captured. Two early British raids for which battle honours were awarded were Operation Collar in Boulogne (24 June 1940) and Operation Ambassador in Guernsey (1415 July 1940). Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. Page 478. (1993). 1993. (1998) A German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 to 6,900,000 war dead. A raid on Sark on the night of 3/4 October 1942 is notable because a few days after the incursion the Germans issued a propaganda communiqu implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. [448], Key: Location, Army dead, Navy dead, (Total dead) Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured. 2004/1, p. 4 (2,000,000), Gesamterhebung zur Klrung des Schicksals der deutschen Bevlkerung in den Vertreibungsgebieten, Mnchen: Zentralstelle des Kirchl. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Jehovah's Witnesses", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 43,110 Germans killed or missing, 111,640 wounded, no information is provided on any who were captured. pp. pedagog. New Guinea: 112,400, 15,200, (127,600) Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget, p. 9. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. The hardest hit localities were Podgorica, Leskovac, Zadar and Belgrade. Stara Gradika was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. Schoenberg, Germans from the East: A Study of their migration, resettlement and subsequent group history, since 1945, Springer London, Limited, 1970; Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann, Ernest A. Menze, Anchor Atlas of World History, Vol. [nb 12] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). The Americans accidentally bombed neutral Switzerland during the war causing civilian casualties. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. Ed. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the. The most numerous victims were Serbs. Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. Total: 1,647,200, 473,800, (2,121,000), Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. [nb 13]. The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World WarII. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. The following notes summarize German casualties, the details are presented in German casualties in World War II. British forces captured Bremen on 26 April after a week of combat. The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman[ru]. WW1 started on July 28th 1914 and ended on November 11th 1918 and it lasted 1567 days. Page 202, "The Soviet-German War 19411945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay", US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report, "The final stages of the naval war in north-west Europe", "12th Army Group Situation Map for 18 April 1945", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Front_(World_War_II)&oldid=1128633092, Occupation of most of Western and Northern Europe by Axis troops, Fall of Nazi Germany (concurrently with the, Liberation of occupied countries in Western and Northern Europe, One was an opportunity taken by US forces when the Germans failed to blow up the, In the Allied 6th Army Group area, the US Seventh Army assaulted across the Rhine in the area between, Gootzen, Har and Connor, Kevin (2006).

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