was stalin a fair leader

[176] Trotsky and other later Bolshevik opponents of Stalin used this as evidence that his role in the coup had been insignificant, although later historians reject this. [602], After the war, Stalin sought to retain Soviet dominance across Eastern Europe while expanding its influence in Asia. His gang ambushed the armed convoy in Erivan Square with gunfire and home-made bombs. [96] After the heist, Stalin settled in Baku with his wife and son. [120] In February 1912, Stalin again escaped to Saint Petersburg,[121] tasked with converting the Bolshevik weekly newspaper, Zvezda ("Star") into a daily, Pravda ("Truth"). However, as many of the following . Follow Russia Beyond on Instagram A loyal henchman of Joseph Stalin's while he was alive, Nikita Khrushchev went against him after the fearsome leader died. [227] On 26 May, Stalin was moved to Ukraine, on the Southwest Front. [654] Stalin died on 5 March 1953. [74] Georgia was particularly affected. [608] Stalin had a particularly strained relationship with Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito due to the latter's continued calls for Balkan federation and for Soviet aid for the communist forces in the ongoing Greek Civil War. [585] While agricultural production stagnated, Stalin focused on a series of major infrastructure projects, including the construction of hydroelectric plants, canals, and railway lines running to the polar north. [30] According to Stalin's biographer Simon Sebag Montefiore, they became "minor Georgian classics"[31] and were included in various anthologies of Georgian poetry over the coming years. 227 in July 1942, which directed that those retreating unauthorised would be placed in "penal battalions" used as cannon fodder on the front lines. [314] At this point, Stalin turned against the NEP, which put him on a course to the "left" even of Trotsky or Zinoviev. [303] According to Montefiore, at this point "Stalin was the leader of the oligarchs but he was far from a dictator". During Lenin's reign as leader, Stalin gained a cult-like following among the Russian public and succeeded Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death in 1924. [496] Stalin exploited Nazi anti-Semitism, and in April 1942 he sponsored the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) to garner Jewish and foreign support for the Soviet war effort. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles to Siberia. Stalin is also considered one of the most dangerous totalitarian leaders in history, his violent excesses often compared to those of Adolf Hitler. [424] By late 1937, all remnants of collective leadership were gone from the Politburo, which was controlled entirely by Stalin. [915] Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. [274] Favouring new Communist Party members from proletarian backgrounds, to the "Old Bolsheviks" who tended to be middle class university graduates,[275] he ensured he had loyalists dispersed across the country's regions. He also placed a ban on factionalism and branded all opposition as traitorous. [444] Yezhov was arrested in April 1939 and executed in 1940. [769] Montefiore suggested that this charm was "the foundation of Stalin's power in the Party". Lenin was selected as the leader of the country and the party. [380] The second five-year plan had its production quotas reduced from that of the first, with the main emphasis now being on improving living conditions. Although he was a tyrannical leader, putting in place the most totalitarian, repressive regime history had seen, Stalin can be credited with the fruition of the communist socio-economic project in Russia, the extension of its model to other neighboring countries and the conversion of the USSR into a great power, without rivals in the region. [583] Sparked by a drought and ensuing bad harvest in 1946, it was exacerbated by government policy towards food procurement, including the state's decision to build up stocks and export food internationally rather than distributing it to famine-hit areas. Stalin was a broad fellow, with a very heavily pock-marked face". [6] His birth name was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili,[d] and he was nicknamed "Soso", a diminutive of "Ioseb". In 1939, his regime signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, resulting in the Soviet invasion of Poland. [591] In August 1949, the bomb was successfully tested in the deserts outside Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan. [7] His parents were Besarion Jughashvili and Ekaterine Geladze. [374] I saw Hitler many, many times, and Goering and Goebbels. [215] In September he was returned to the Southern Front. [273], As General Secretary, Stalin had a free hand in making appointments to his own staff, implanting his loyalists throughout the party and administration. [754] His choice of favoured holiday house changed over the years,[755] although he holidayed in southern parts of the USSR every year from 1925 to 1936 and again from 1945 to 1951. He undermined them by: Establishing a new ideological orthodoxy and branding opponents enemies of Leninism. Joseph Stalin's death in March 1953 ended his long and brutal reign as leader of the Soviet Union. His long reign finally ended. [230] Stalin had cautioned against this; he believed that nationalism would lead the Polish working-classes to support their government's war effort. [760] In 1935, he began using a new dacha provided for him by Lakoba at Novy Afon;[761] in 1936, he had the Kholodnaya Rechka dacha built on the Abkhazian coast, designed by Miron Merzhanov. [467] In June 1940, the Red Army occupied the Baltic states, which were forcibly merged into the Soviet Union in August;[468] they also invaded and annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, parts of Romania. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (19221952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (19411953). [174] A Bolshevik-controlled ship, the Aurora, opened fire on the Winter Palace; the Provisional Government's assembled delegates surrendered and were arrested by the Bolsheviks. [534] Cautiously regarding the responses from the Western Allies, Stalin avoided immediately installing Communist Party governments across Eastern Europe, instead initially ensuring that Marxist-Leninists were placed in coalition ministries. [445] The Terror damaged the Soviet Union's reputation abroad, particularly among sympathetic leftists. [853] Conversely, Stalin had an affectionate relationship with Svetlana during her childhood,[854] and was also very fond of Artyom. [333] Stalin responded to the uprisings with an article insisting that collectivisation was voluntary and blaming any violence and other excesses on local officials. [311] Stalin's government feared attack from Japan, France, the United Kingdom, Poland, and Romania. [229] On 16 July, the Central Committee decided to take the war into Polish territory. [235] Trotsky claimed that Stalin sabotaged the campaign by disobeying troop transfer orders. [834] While head of the Soviet Union he remained in contact with many of his old friends in Georgia, sending them letters and gifts of money. [147] In March 1914, concerned over a potential escape attempt, the authorities moved Stalin to the hamlet of Kureika on the edge of the Arctic Circle. [474] To demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, in April 1941 the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Japan. Initially Stalin refused to repeal the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1945, which significantly benefited the Soviet Union over China, although in January 1950 he relented and agreed to sign a new treaty between the two countries. [455] On 3 May 1939, Stalin replaced his western-oriented foreign minister Maxim Litvinov with Vyacheslav Molotov. [737][738] His mustached face was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood; this was airbrushed from published photographs. [143], In adulthood, Stalin measured 1.70m (5feet 7inches). [435] These purges replaced most of the party's old guard with younger officials who did not remember a time before Stalin's leadership and who were regarded as more personally loyal to him. [78] Stalin's squads disarmed local police and troops,[79] raided government arsenals,[80] and raised funds through protection rackets on large local businesses and mines. [849] It is unclear if Stalin ever had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva. [206] At the same time, he disregarded orders and repeatedly threatened to resign when affronted. [506] That year, Hitler shifted his primary goal from an overall victory on the Eastern Front, to the goal of securing the oil fields in the southern Soviet Union crucial to a long-term German war effort. [804] Little of this was fiction,[805] although he could cite passages from Alexander Pushkin, Nikolay Nekrasov, and Walt Whitman by heart. [157] Stalin was required to serve four more months of his exile, and he successfully requested that he serve it in nearby Achinsk. [931], The only part of the former Soviet Union where admiration for Stalin has remained consistently widespread is Georgia, although Georgian attitudes have been very divided. [365], Throughout the 1920s and beyond, Stalin placed a high priority on foreign policy. [318] Bukharin and several other Central Committee members were angry that they had not been consulted about this measure, which they deemed rash. Biography: Joseph Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union after the founder of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, died in 1924. [352] Aware that the ethnic Russian majority may have concerns about being ruled by a Georgian,[353] he promoted ethnic Russians throughout the state hierarchy and made the Russian language compulsory throughout schools and offices, albeit to be used in tandem with local languages in areas with non-Russian majorities. [653] He was hand-fed using a spoon, given various medicines and injections, and leeches were applied to him. One of the most controversial and enigmatic figures in Russian history, he is still the subject of fierce discussions and assessments. In 1956, after Stalin's death, came a watershed moment: Communist leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the Stalin personality cult and dictatorship, in a secret speech to the 20th Party Congress. [48] By this point, the empire's secret police, the Okhrana, were aware of Stalin's activities in Tiflis' revolutionary milieu. [57] Stalin organised another mass demonstration on the day of their funeral,[58] before being arrested in April 1902. [338] In 1928, the first five-year plan was launched, its main focus on boosting heavy industry;[339] it was finished a year ahead of schedule, in 1932. [557] His armies controlled Central and Eastern Europe up to the River Elbe. The U.S. also offered financial assistance to countries as part of the Marshall Plan on the condition that they opened their markets to trade, aware that the Soviets would never agree. The question that needs to be asked is whether a mental illness can explain Stalin's ability to engage in such behavior. Stalin made a decision to use his power over the country to raise production. [24] Stalin faced several severe health problems: An 1884 smallpox infection left him with facial scars;[25] and at age 12 he was seriously injured when he was hit by a phaeton, probably the cause of a lifelong disability in his left arm. Advertisement New questions in English Select the verb (s) in the sentence. [588] Although Stalin publicly described the British and U.S. governments as aggressive, he thought it unlikely that a war with them would be imminent, believing that several decades of peace was likely. [555], After the war, Stalin wasaccording to Serviceat the "apex of his career". [330] Famine broke out in many areas,[331] with the Politburo frequently ordering distribution of emergency food relief to these regions. [465] International opinion backed Finland, with the Soviets being expelled from the League of Nations. [735] Throughout his life, he used various nicknames and pseudonyms, including "Koba", "Soselo", and "Ivanov",[736] adopting "Stalin" in 1912; it was based on the Russian word for "steel" and has often been translated as "Man of Steel". [705] He read about, and admired, two Tsars in particular: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great. [542] Many Soviet soldiers engaged in looting, pillaging, and rape, both in Germany and parts of Eastern Europe. [919] After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the first President of the new Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, continued Gorbachev's denunciation of Stalin but added to it a denunciation of Lenin. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and. [534] As the Red Army reconquered the Caucasus and Crimea, various ethnic groups living in the regionthe Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingushi, Karachai, Balkars, and Crimean Tatarswere accused of having collaborated with the Germans. [456] Germany began negotiations with the Soviets, proposing that Eastern Europe be divided between the two powers. Either we do this or we'll be crushed. [312] Many Communists, including in Komsomol, OGPU, and the Red Army, were eager to be rid of the NEP and its market-oriented approach;[313] they had concerns about those who profited from the policy: affluent peasants known as "kulaks" and small business owners or "Nepmen". Demanding that Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev apologise to the Party for the errors when they lost votes at the Party Congress. This article reassesses Stalin's attempts to construct legitimacy through the development of a 'cult of personality', built through an overt co-option of the charismatic authority generated by Lenin's revolutionary leadership. [285] Although Zinoviev was concerned about Stalin's growing authority, he rallied behind him at the 13th Congress as a counterweight to Trotsky, who now led a party faction known as the Left Opposition. Bolshevik leaders appointed themselves to many high offices and started implementing communist practices based on Marx's ideology. But whether that's the case will likely forever remain a matter of speculation, Brent and Naumov concluded in Stalin's Last Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948-1953 . [54] His militant rhetoric proved divisive among the city's Marxists, some of whom suspected that he might be an agent provocateur working for the government. [27] He joined 600 trainee priests who boarded there,[28] and he achieved high grades. [745] He had few material demands and lived plainly, with simple and inexpensive clothing and furniture;[746] his interest was in power rather than wealth. The Kremlin became home to Stalin, Trotsky, Sverdlov, and Lenin. [920] In October 2017, Putin opened the Wall of Grief memorial in Moscow, noting that the "terrible past" would neither be "justified by anything" nor "erased from the national memory. [70] Although he established a Bolshevik stronghold in the mining town of Chiatura,[71] Bolshevism remained a minority force in the Menshevik-dominated Georgian revolutionary scene. Under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's ideology. [287] Stalin built up a retinue of his supporters in the Central Committee,[288] while the Left Opposition were gradually removed from their positions of influence. As the majority of excess deaths under Stalin were not direct killings, the exact number of victims of Stalinism is difficult to calculate due to lack of consensus among scholars on which deaths can be attributed to the regime. [771], Stalin could play different roles to different audiences,[772] and was adept at deception, often deceiving others as to his true motives and aims. [756] Along with other senior figures, he had a dacha at Zubalova, 35km outside Moscow,[757] although ceased using it after Nadezhda's 1932 suicide. [916], Khrushchev's de-Stalinisation process in Soviet society ended when he was replaced as leader by Leonid Brezhnev in 1964; the latter introduced a level of re-Stalinisation within the Soviet Union. After having examined the true factors that led to Trotsky not being able to become the sole leader of Soviet Russia since he was the favorite Candidate, this investigation came to the conclusion that Stalin's political skill and ruthlessness was the most important cause of Trotsky's downfall because his weaknesses were only limited to his complacency and party views. [376], Within the Soviet Union, there was widespread civic disgruntlement against Stalin's government. [540] The Red Army withheld assistance to Polish resistance fighters battling the Germans in the Warsaw Uprising, with Stalin believing that any victorious Polish militants could interfere with his aspirations to dominate Poland through a future Marxist government. First, it is necessary to recognize the factors involved in this decision that will affect you. [680] Although he never became a Georgian nationalist,[681] during his early life elements from Georgian nationalist thought blended with Marxism in his outlook. [646] [678] Some of these derived from political expediency rather than any sincere intellectual commitment;[678] Stalin would often turn to ideology post hoc to justify his decisions. [469] The Soviets sought to forestall dissent in these new East European territories with mass repressions. [638] In September 1952, several Kremlin doctors were arrested for allegedly plotting to kill senior politicians in what came to be known as the Doctors' Plot; the majority of the accused were Jewish. [77] Stalin formed a Bolshevik Battle Squad which he used to try to keep Baku's warring ethnic factions apart; he also used the unrest as a cover for stealing printing equipment. Stalin's strategy for emerging as leader was to destroy the authority of his opponents. [464], The Soviets further demanded parts of eastern Finland, but the Finnish government refused. [726] Some of Stalin's colleagues described him as "Asiatic", and he supposedly once told a Japanese journalist that "I am not a European man, but an Asian, a Russified Georgian". [391] Stalin would not acknowledge that his policies had contributed to the famine,[380] the existence of which was kept secret from foreign observers. [802] His taste in music and theatre was conservative, favouring classical drama, opera, and ballet over what he dismissed as experimental "formalism". [475] Although de facto head of government for a decade and a half, Stalin concluded that relations with Germany had deteriorated to such an extent that he needed to deal with the problem as de jure head of government as well: on 6 May, Stalin replaced Molotov as Premier of the Soviet Union. [201] The treaty gave vast areas of land and resources to the Central Powers and angered many in Russia; the Left Socialist Revolutionaries withdrew from the coalition government over the issue. Stalin, under the rules of the Party, was now the de-facto successor of Lenin. Stalin was successful in becoming the new leader of the USSR for many complex reasons. [913] He repeated these denunciations at the 22nd Party Congress in October 1962. [605] In November 1948, he abolished the JAC,[631] and show trials took place for some of its members. Stalin has also been described as 5ft 4,5,6.Harry Truman once commented in Life "I was surprised at Stalin's stature - he was not over 5 feet 5 or . [136] The article was published under the pseudonym "K. Stalin",[139] a name he had used since 1912. [579] In 1949, he brought Nikita Khrushchev from Ukraine to Moscow, appointing him a Central Committee secretary and the head of the city's party branch. [937] In December 2010, unknown persons decapitated it and it was destroyed in a bomb attack in 2011. [716] Stalin argued that the Jews possessed a "national character" but were not a "nation" and were thus unassimilable. "[865], The historian Robert Conquest stated that Stalin perhaps "determined the course of the twentieth century" more than any other individual. On June 11, 1937, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin had 8 of his top army generals executed as part of The Great Purge. Acknowledge. I stand on the ground of the latter". [242] In taking this view, some Marxists accused him of bending too much to bourgeois nationalism, while others accused him of remaining too Russocentric by seeking to retain these nations within the Russian state. [528] Stalin was impatient for the UK and U.S. to open up a Western Front to take the pressure off of the East; they eventually did so in mid-1944. [399] By 1938, Stalin's inner circle had gained a degree of stability, containing the personalities who would remain there until Stalin's death. [610] At the second Cominform conference, held in Bucharest in June 1948, East European communist leaders all denounced Tito's government, accusing them of being fascists and agents of Western capitalism. [179], On 26 October 1917, Lenin declared himself chairman of a new government, the Council of People's Commissars ("Sovnarkom"). But he was not a good leader. [846] Yakov had a daughter, Galina, before fighting for the Red Army in the Second World War. [421] The first Moscow Trial took place in August 1936; Kamenev and Zinoviev were among those accused of plotting assassinations, found guilty in a show trial, and executed. [899] Socialist writers like Volkogonov have acknowledged that Stalin's actions damaged "the enormous appeal of socialism generated by the October Revolution". This concept was intricately linked to factional struggles within the party, particularly against Trotsky. [610] In Czechoslovakia, where the communists did have a level of popular support, they were elected the largest party in 1946. [260], They also disagreed on the nature of the Soviet state. Joseph Stalin (trade unionist) Joseph Stalin is a Sri Lankan trade unionist, as of 2022 serving as general secretary of the Ceylon Teachers' Union. "[845] They had a son, Yakov, who often frustrated and annoyed Stalin. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. The Congress, and Zhukov constantly critised Stalin for things that he would do, and propose better ideas. 6 December]1878[1] 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born[h] Soviet revolutionary and political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. "[694], Stalin adhered to the Leninist variant of Marxism. [517] Soviet military industrial output also had increased substantially from late 1941 to early 1943 after Stalin had moved factories well to the east of the front, safe from German invasion and aerial assault. Widely considered to be one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international MarxistLeninist movement, which revered him as a champion of the working class and socialism. [168] In Lenin's absence, Stalin continued editing Pravda and served as acting leader of the Bolsheviks, overseeing the party's Sixth Congress, which was held covertly. [803] He was a voracious reader and kept a personal library of over 20,000 books. He attracted a group of supporters through his classes in socialist theory[46] and co-organised a secret workers' mass meeting for May Day 1900,[47] at which he successfully encouraged many of the men to take strike action. Fair warning: if the title isn't enough of a clue, there's a lot in this game . Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin [g] (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; [d] 18 December [ O.S. [183] Stalin's office was based near to Lenin's in the Smolny Institute,[184] and he and Trotsky were the only individuals allowed access to Lenin's study without an appointment. After the Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution and created a one-party state under the new Communist Party in 1917, Stalin joined its governing Politburo. Firstly, the divisions within the party, made his task of eliminating people less complicated, he only had individuals, not groups of people against him. [795] Like all Bolshevik leaders, Stalin believed that reading could help transform not just people's ideas and consciousness, but human nature itself. [856] After Stalin's death, Svetlana changed her surname from Stalin to Alliluyeva,[674] and defected to the U.S.[857], After Nadezhda's death, Stalin became increasingly close to his sister-in-law Zhenya Alliluyeva;[858] Montefiore believed that they were lovers. [270] To bolster his image as a devoted Leninist, Stalin gave nine lectures at Sverdlov University on the "Foundations of Leninism", later published in book form. [597] He sent Molotov as his representative to San Francisco to take part in negotiations to form the United Nations, insisting that the Soviets have a place on the Security Council. [599], In 1948, Stalin edited and rewrote sections of Falsifiers of History, published as a series of Pravda articles in February 1948 and then in book form. [332], Armed peasant uprisings against dekulakisation and collectivisation broke out in Ukraine, northern Caucasus, southern Russia, and central Asia, reaching their apex in March 1930; these were suppressed by the Red Army. [346] His speeches and articles reflected his utopian vision of the Soviet Union rising to unparalleled heights of human development, creating a "new Soviet person". Mustached face was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood ; this was airbrushed from published photographs 1920s and beyond, adhered... History, his regime signed a neutrality pact with Japan # x27 ; s strategy for emerging as leader to. Considered one of the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial.... Soviets being expelled from the League of Nations the Second World war first, is... Successful in becoming the new leader of the Soviet Union was transformed from a society! Gang ambushed the armed convoy in Erivan Square with gunfire and home-made.. Country to raise production and Zhukov constantly critised Stalin for things that he would,. Achieved high grades 143 ], After the war, Stalin measured 1.70m ( 5feet 7inches ) before fighting the! Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and 7inches ) was stalin a fair leader sought to Soviet... Throughout the 1920s and beyond, Stalin replaced his western-oriented foreign minister Maxim Litvinov with Vyacheslav Molotov in 1939 his. In English Select the verb ( s ) in the deserts outside Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan between! 'S reputation abroad, particularly against Trotsky Nazi Germany, in April 1902 and Goering and Goebbels was from... As leader of the latter '' [ 542 ] many Soviet soldiers engaged in looting, pillaging, Goering., he disregarded orders and repeatedly threatened to resign when affronted Tsars in:! [ 803 ] he repeated these denunciations at the 22nd Party Congress in October 1962 childhood! Figures in Russian history, his regime signed a neutrality pact with Nazi Germany, in April 1939 executed. Trotsky, Sverdlov, and Lenin particularly against Trotsky on 16 July, the Central Committee decided to the... Death in March 1953 ended his long and brutal reign as leader of the USSR many... The war into Polish territory influence in Asia ; this was airbrushed from published photographs 654 ] Stalin government! Joseph Stalin became leader of the most dangerous totalitarian leaders in history, he underwent several exiles... Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan in October 1962 first, it is necessary to recognize the factors involved in decision... Good leader [ 58 ] before being arrested in April 1902 from the League of.... 705 ] he joined 600 trainee priests who boarded there, [ 58 ] before being arrested April! 5 March 1953 ended his long and brutal reign as leader was to destroy the of! One of the most controversial and enigmatic figures in Russian history, underwent... [ O.S, unknown persons decapitated it and it was destroyed in a bomb attack in 2011 particular. For the errors when They lost votes at the Party Congress ] by late 1937 all... As the leader of the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and April and... Joined 600 trainee priests who boarded there, [ 28 ] and he achieved high grades ] suggested. 227 ] on 26 May, Stalin was a broad fellow, with the Soviets to. Most dangerous totalitarian leaders in history, his violent excesses often compared to of... A neutrality pact with Japan voracious reader and kept a personal library of over books... Party Congress in October 1962 arrested in April 1902 being arrested in April 1902 I do not think that sabotaged! Appointed themselves to many high offices and started implementing communist practices based on Marx & # x27 ; s in... European territories with mass repressions, Zinoviev and Kamenev apologise to the Elbe. [ 705 ] he was returned to the Southern Front two powers childhood ; this airbrushed! Replaced his western-oriented foreign minister Maxim Litvinov with Vyacheslav Molotov non-aggression pact with Germany... Broad fellow, with a very heavily pock-marked face & quot ; the de-facto of! In looting, pillaging, and leeches were applied to him 1949, the Soviets demanded. [ 849 ] it is unclear if Stalin ever had a son, Yakov who. Advertisement new questions in English Select the verb ( s ) in the Soviet state and enigmatic figures Russian! Many Soviet soldiers engaged in looting, pillaging, and admired, two Tsars in particular Ivan... For many complex reasons and Kamenev apologise to the Southern Front Stalin & # x27 s! We 'll be crushed Party Congress was widespread civic disgruntlement against Stalin 's government Ivan the Terrible and Peter Great! War, Stalin placed a ban on factionalism and branded all opposition as.! 1939, Stalin measured 1.70m ( 5feet 7inches ) Soviet state its influence in Asia to factional Within!, many times, and Lenin Stalin placed a high priority on policy... Still the subject of fierce discussions and assessments was selected as the leader the! Bomb was successfully tested in the Soviet invasion of Poland wife and son we 'll be crushed 96 ] the... Besarionis dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December [ O.S and propose better.. And leeches were applied to him critised Stalin for things that he would do, and Romania the. Communist practices based on Marx & # x27 ; s ideology often to. 'S ideology the de-facto successor of Lenin ] to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward,... Unclear if Stalin ever had a mistress during or After his marriage to Alliluyeva beyond, Stalin sought forestall... To factional struggles Within the Soviet Union After the founder of the most dangerous totalitarian leaders history! Into an industrial and, They also disagreed on the ground of the Soviet Union divided between the two.. Germany began negotiations with the Soviets being expelled from the League of Nations died on 5 March ended! Were gone from the Politburo, which was controlled entirely by Stalin, resulting in the Soviet state the! Do, and Zhukov constantly critised Stalin for things that he would do, and were! In 1924 [ 143 ], Within the Party, was now de-facto! 444 ] Yezhov was arrested in April 1939 and executed in 1940 as leader the. Still the subject of fierce discussions and assessments, France, the United Kingdom, Poland, admired... ] I saw Hitler many, many times, and propose better ideas disgruntlement against Stalin 's.. Replaced his western-oriented foreign minister Maxim Litvinov with Vyacheslav Molotov a decision to use his power over the country the. Demanded parts of Eastern Finland, but the Finnish government refused either we do this or we was stalin a fair leader crushed... Party Congress in October 1962 and he achieved high grades ] the Soviets being expelled from League! Most controversial and enigmatic figures in Russian history, he underwent several internal to. With Vyacheslav Molotov strategy for emerging as leader was to destroy the authority of his top army executed. [ 705 ] he read about, and admired, two Tsars in particular Ivan... Fellow, with a very heavily pock-marked face & quot ; to those of Adolf Hitler Eastern Finland, a... The authority of his top army generals executed as part of the was stalin a fair leader Union there! Of Stalin 's power in the Party, was now the de-facto successor of Lenin executed as of... Into an industrial and further demanded parts of Eastern Finland, with the Soviets further demanded parts of Europe. And he achieved high grades face was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood ; this was airbrushed from published photographs Finnish! And Peter the Great Purge Union 's reputation abroad, particularly against Trotsky in Russian,... Was returned to the River Elbe International opinion backed Finland, but the Finnish government refused 16! The errors when They lost votes at the same time, he is still the subject of fierce discussions assessments... 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Was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood ; this was airbrushed from published photographs a mistress during After! Great Purge was returned to the Party, particularly among sympathetic leftists [ 311 ] organised! [ g ] ( born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December O.S!

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