photo radar ticket cost quebec

Those two decisions also spurred two separate motions seeking authorization for class action lawsuits against the Quebec government to have hundreds of thousands of speeding and red-light tickets issued with photo radar evidence thrown out or refunded. A Learners or Probationary License starts off with 4 demerit points for the entire validity of the license. Last update: Well, several other jurisdictions in Canada and the U.S. have implemented photo radar programs with great success: In 2016, Quebec reported its program had reduced average speeds by 13.3 km/h and reduced accidents by 15% to 42% in the relevant areas Saskatchewan saw speeds fall by up to 17% and speed-related injuries drop by 51% What does it practically mean and how would one go about upon receipt of such ticket? Follow us on Twitter: @globedriveOpens in a new window. These reviews will also allow police to look up the owners of out-of-province cars caught speeding on photo radar and issue them tickets as well. Some information may no longer be current. However, with regard to your drivers licence payment, the demerit points remain on your driving record for 2 years following the date of their entry. Highway 15 southbound near the Atwater Street exit. Most provinces do share some demerits. The offence is entered on your driving record for 10 years. It too is seeking the reimbursement of penalties and fines and $100 in damages for each ticket issued by photo radar. Prostitution, Procuring and the Criminal Code Is it legal? Generally, police wont issue warrants for vehicles with unpaid tickets, Albertas Ministry of Justice and Solicitor General says. For example, usually an Ontario driver who receives a speeding ticket of 15 km/h over the limit will not be deducted any demerit points from their licence. Malgr les campagnes-chocs, les amendes sales et les tmoignages de victimes, ils continuent de quitter des yeux la chausse pour utiliser leur tlphone, a constat Le Journal de Montral. Subban on the ice, 'Endangered Stories': Filmmaker preserves West Island history through video capsules, Retired and functioning fire truck becomes party bus, Teen puts in petroglyphs for the medals at Indigenous Games, Could Jack have lived? Quest-ce que le retrait de permis pour le tlphone au volant? that moving with other traffic.. Len, Your email address will not be published. We believe the equipment is reliable, that the officers who handle this equipment have been correctly trained.. Agriculture, environment and natural resources. Quick reminder that in Qubec only lawyer can give you legal advice regarding your tickets and such a paralegal can't represent you and wouldn't be able to help you a lot. According to a report in Le Journal de Montreal, Denis Tanguay and his wife Diane Chouinard were told by a judge that he would not hear their case, saying the data from the photo radar could not be contested. The reason ASE cameras dont affect insurance is because the photo radar camera cannot see who was driving the car, thus cannot prove who was driving the car. Our Parenting and Advice newsletter delivers parenthood advice. They don't yield points, but does the infraction go on your record? Quebec transport minister says photo radar here to stay, Drivers beware: 15 new photo radar spots hit Quebec roads, CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices. Do I have to tell my insurer if I get a speeding ticket? If you intend to fight this on technical legal grounds then I suggest you hire a paralegal or lawyer. Both Ontario and Quebec don't add points to their own residents, but I'm wondering if there is a weird inter-provincial thing where demerit points will be added when the Quebec photo radar ticket shows up on my Ontario driving record. New York City, known for its tumultuous traffic, saw a reduction in speeding by over 60% and a fall in pedestrian injuries by 23%. 4. I'm reading in various newspapers online that there has been a Quebec Court decision according to which "the evidence in a photo radar fine was not admissible because it was based on hearsay evidence". This . A total of $25.7 million in fines were charged in 2016-2017, three times less than the $73.9 million projected by Transport Quebec. In doing so, it risks being ordered to pay the Court costs, which can be exorbitant during a trial. Photo radar locations View the location of photo radars and red light monitoring devices on an interactive map. And, the program doesnt collect from Quebec or the Yukon, the CRA says. Photo radar and red-light cameras Members remain in favour As announced February 24 by Quebec Transport Minister Julie Boulet, photo radar and red-light cameras will be installed at 15 locations in the Montreal, Montrgie and Chaudire-Appalaches regions of Quebec as part of a pilot project starting this May 19. Scheduled deployments occur during two shifts from 6:00 am to 9:30 pm. That trial period is now over. Please activate JavaScript to fill out the application. Quebec Transport Minister Julie Boulet saidrevenue willgo into the province's highway safety fund. McDougall Road eastbound between Le Boulevard and Cedar Avenue. British Columbia, Quebec and Nunavut didnt sign the Canadian Driver Licence Compact (CDLC), a 1990 agreement to share driving records between the provinces and territories. Capitale-Nationale Location of photo radars and red light monitoring devices in the Capitale-Nationale area Show more Chaudire -Appalaches Location of photo radars and red light monitoring devices in the Chaudire -Appalaches area No. Quebec Transport Minister Julie Boulet said revenue will go into the province's highway safety fund. And that means the system should be once again fully operational by the time Quebecers hit the road for vacation. The class action, which lists the DPCP, the provincial police force and the Bureau as defendants, is seeking an order to cease the use of photo radar and red light cameras, an order that evidence yielded by these technologies as inadmissible and illegal, and $50 million in damages on top of reimbursed penalties and fines because of the defendants misconduct and bad faith., When you receive one of these tickets, it looks like its super solid evidence against you but in reality even a first-year law student knows that you cannot rely on hearsay evidence, said Zukran. Please do not enter any personal information in this field. She received the ticket later in the mail. For instance, it wont deduct fines from your child tax credit and it wont take away your wages. The real reason cities use photo radar is for revenue generation. Fortin is also amending the highway code to clearly state a photo taken by a machine is admissible evidence. We have a Drive newsletter covering car reviews, innovative new cars and the ups and downs of everyday driving. This is in fact the judgement that was pronounce in 2016. Photo enforcement is a money making tool. Speeding Fines Demerit Points - SAAQ - Socit de l'assurance . Alberta, like most other provinces, can deduct unpaid traffic fines out of your federal tax refund and GST credits through the Canada Revenue Agencys (CRA) refund set-off program. Speeding drivers have received 10 times fewer. They can set up photo radar anywhere, and not all lights have them, yet. Fines for running a red light are about $150; speeding fines can go as high as $1,200. For the past three months, dozens of photo radar units have been up and running but drivers have only been getting warnings, without tickets. However, evidence collected by a fixed photo radar is not inadmissible if, during a speed reduction operation, a police officer positioned on the shoulder observes, with his own portable photo radar, the speeding violation. In a ruling obtained by La Presse, Judge Serge Cimon said that fines for speeding based on evidence gathered via photo radar are inadmissible and illegal. There was an error, please provide a valid email address. Your email address will not be published. Snowplow intentionally destroys my mailbox yearly what My Ex gf and some guy hosed me with a super soaker, Landlord Exploiting International Students, Fiance forced to work after a miscarriage, My friend has ghosted me after borrowing my money. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, https://www.journaldequebec.com/2018/05/06/les-radars-photo-de-retour-en-force-cet-ete. The judge places a lot of emphasis on the fact that this is a matter not just of form but of substance and procedural equity, said Daviault. CTV Montreal: Photo radar tickets disputed NOW PLAYING Since the introduction of photo radar in Quebec in 2009, none of the 102,000 disputed tickets have been contested successfully.. Boucherville: Highway 20 westbound near Mortagne Boulevard. Photo radar to curb speeding is officially in effect across Quebec, starting Wednesday. Marieville: Highway 112 between the communities of Richelieu and Sainte-Angle-de-Monnoir. It is a priority for CBC to create a website that is accessible to all Canadians including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. Box 500 Station A Toronto, ON Canada, M5W 1E6. A Quebec court decision this week in which a justice of the peace ordered a photo radar ticket thrown out calls into question the future of photo radar in the province. Lvis: Highway 20 westbound near exit to Pierre-Laporte Bridge. 92-950 (C.A.Q). Number of photo radar tickets from November 2016 to May 2017 Last year, Alberta collected more than $7-million owing on traffic tickets through the CRA, the province says. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Regardless of the charge that is brought against you, our lawyers will defend your rights ardently and fight tirelessly to obtain an acquittal or avoid the criminal record. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Ticket Montreal - We contest your tickets! The only way to fight such a ticket is to prove the photo radar is not working properly. Riendeau Lawyers MontrealAddress:19 Rue le Royer Ouest, Office 204Montreal, QuebecH2Y 1W4, CanadaTelephone: 438-376-7019Email:info@riendeauavocats.ca, [contact-form-7 id= 4 title= Contact form 1]. Have a driving question? Hire an attorney to fight the ticket. Drivers under the age of 23 have 8 points on their license and those aged 23 and 24 have 12 points on their drivers license. Judge Serge Cimon dismissed the photo evidence used in the case as hearsay. Familiarize yourself with how photo radars work, why they are used, as well as their technical characteristics and signage. The case hinges on Cimons decision as well but is also relying on guidance issued by the Quebec Court of Appeal in Baie-Comeau (Ville) c. DAstous 1992 J.Q. The only way to challenge this offense is to challenge the validity of the operation of the photo radar. As such, the finding issued following the offence was not personally verified by a police officer. But I certainly dont know for sure. The Crown in this case has appealed the decision and the appeal court granted the motion. This article in french explain that since the Code de la scurit Routire has been modified to allow such evidence. Fixed photo radars: an automatic acquittal in Quebec? View the location of photo radars and red light monitoring devices on an interactive map. Quebec's photo radar starts ticketing | CBC News Loaded. Perhaps it is time to redraft certain provisions of the Quebec Highway Safety Code that regulates the photo radar system because there seems to be a lot of cracks, observed Charles Daviault, a Montreal litigator with Gowling WLG. But, typically, those restrictions dont apply to out-of-province tickets. Notre-Dame Street between De Lorimier and Gonthier avenues. See a local lawyer for the best answer to your questions. They have been underused in the period since the judges ruling. There are definitely defences that exist for a photo radar and I just dont understand why the judge refused to even hear them.. Plus, it applies to out-of-province tickets. If you dont, your insurance policy will be invalidated, meaning any future claims could be turned down. Familiarize yourself with their location and their specification sheets. Lists by region of photo radars and red light monitoring devices. November 24, 2022. assurance-auto. Montreal wants to make full stops optional for cyclists, New road-safety bill aims to crack down on distracted drivers in Quebec, tap here to see other videos from our team. Quebec Transport Minister Julie Boulet said revenue will go into the provinces highway safety fund. In a decision released Wednesday,Serge Cimon called the current photo radar system "inadmissible" and "illegal.". In most provinces, that also means that the provincial government can keep you from registering your vehicle or renewing your licence until you pay up, whether its a photo-radar ticket or a regular speeding ticket. Lutilisation du portable tenu en main en voiture ou 2 roues, quil sagisse dun appel loreille ou de lenvoi dun SMS, est une infraction sanctionne dun PV avec une amende de 135 et un. Canadas a big place, so let us know where you are so we can find the answer for your city and province. So, unlike normal speeding tickets, they dont come with demerits, they dont end up on your driving record and they dont affect your insurance rates. Shortly after the landmark ruling issued in late November by Judge Serge Cimon of the Court of Quebec, another Court of Quebec judge heeded his guidance and tossed out 422 photo radar tickets. Do photo radar tickets affect insurance Quebec? What do you need to know? Citizens can always present themselves in court to challenge a ticket.. 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3L4. The person can contest the offence by entering a plea of not guilty. Tampa Bay eliminated from playoffs, Ottawa sending 200 Canadian-made armoured vehicles as defence minister visits Ukraine, Eligible Albertans can apply for $600 affordability payments starting today, Ukraine interior minister, others killed in helicopter crash, 'Just unacceptable': Air Canada forgets passenger's customized wheelchair in Toronto, Nova Scotia announces additional resources to alleviate pressure on ERs, Church of England refuses to back same-sex marriage, Major changes to Canada's drinking guidelines, Sneaker heads brave cold for 'Montreal Bagel' shoe, Man lucky to be alive after boulder crushes car, Quebec back-to-school plan requiring in-person attendance faces legal challenge, Woman injured after falling onto metro tracks, Metro's Green line suffers 3-hour power failure, Quebecers under 21 won't be able to legally buy cannabis as of Wednesday. Please activate JavaScript to fill out the application. Transport Quebec says fines will be the same as those issued by police officers. Since the radar traffic system was installed in 2009, not a single ticket has been contested successfully. [2] Code of Criminal Procedure, RLRQ c C-25.1, art. Photo Speed Vans The photo speed vans are deployed on residential streets with a posted speed limit of 35 MPH or less, on streets bordering parks with any posted speed limit, and in safety zones, which include school zones and work zones throughout the City and County of Denver. Tom, Toronto. * All package prices refer to Quebec tickets, for Ontario and New York pricing please call. Bill 165 will bring Quebec's photo radar ticket system up to speed, Stu Cowan: NHL longshot Arber Xhekaj flips script for Canadiens, Tom Mulcair: Signs another federal election is coming, In the Habs Room: Montembeault happy to show off 'our brand of hockey', About Last Night: Dach and Monty lead Habs to second straight win, We were kidnapped because of our grandson, victim testifies. But contrary to the Highway Safety Code, the police officer who issued the ticket did not check to see if there was a sign posting the speed limit in the area where the car was driving. Lvis: Prsident-Kennedy Street (Highway 173) southbound at the intersection of Wilfrid-Carrier Boulevard and Louis-H.-La Fontaine Street. So what if you get caught speeding by a cop and not a camera? We apologize, but this video has failed to load. Send it to globedrive@globeandmail.com. Please try again. A ticket is always contestable whether its issued by a photo radar machine or an officer holding a radar, Fortin said. Fixed photo radar in Quebec: hearsay evidence According to the Honourable Judge Serge Cimon of the Court of Quebec, the evidence collected by a fixed photo radar is hearsay evidence. Justice Minister StphanieValle said the government isreviewing the decision and may file an appeal. If you have any questions, call the number listed on your speeding ticket for more information. So why is it that a defence is presentable for one and not for the other? This judgment withdraws from the prosecution fundamental evidence enabling it to meet its burdenbeyond a reasonable doubtin order to obtain a conviction for high-speed driving. Upon being found guilty. Am I obliged to pay, and, if so, what happens if I dont? Quebec court decision means thousands of photo radar tickets could be tossed, lawyer says | CBC News Loaded. According to the class action application, there have been 877,000 statements of offence issued between August 2009 and November 2016 for infractions captured by photo radars and red light camera technology. Mostly commercial. Unlike most other traffic tickets, photo radar and red-light camera tickets arent made out to the driver of the vehicle. 2 years This story was originally published in The Lawyers Weekly. A second class action motion seeking authorization lodged by Montreal lawyer Jamie Benizri covers only infractions caught by photo radars. Lastly, drivers aged 25 or over can have a maximum number of 15 points. Lawyer Nicolas Rousseau,representing a woman challenging a photo radar ticket of $1,160,successfully argued that relying on images and data from a fixed photo radar machine alone is not enough to justifya ticket. Its an important case because it puts a spotlight on what may have been a widely-practiced system, and this single case has had a domino effect on many other cases., To the surprise of legal observers, the Director of Criminal and Penal Prosecutions (DPCP) decided not to appeal the Cimon decision, a move that lead Montreal lawyer Joey Zukran to seek permission to launch a class action suit. Plans to expand the program were announced in 2015. Last update: Jamie is actually a friend of mine and he is free to file whatever action he wants but it has be done within the confines of the law and in class action law in Quebec the rule is clearly established as first to file and we were first to file here.. Without proof of either the machine's . Fines for running a red light are about $150; speeding fines can go as high as $1,200. CTV Montreal: Radar tickets decrease NOW PLAYING Fewer Quebecers are getting traffic tickets from photo radar, according to new data. Basically, photo radars and the radars that they use to catch you speeding on the road are essentially the same device, he said. For instance, Alberta demerits for speeding would apply to your Ontario licence. Closed Captioning and Described Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem. We are convinced the evidence now will be admissible. According to the Justice Ministry, there has been more than 102,000 disputes for radar camera tickets since the program began in 2009. Cimon took issue with the fact the officer in question relied on second-hand information, rather than personally checking the scene to make sure there was a clearly marked speed-limit sign or verifying that the photo radar machine had been correctly checked. The ruling came after a woman challenged her $1,160 speeding ticket in court. Photo radar to curb speedingis officially in effect across Quebec, starting Wednesday. Alfredo Munoz, a former police officer, runs a business called SOS Tickets, which helps drivers contest their traffic violations. Characteristics and signage to Quebec tickets, which can be exorbitant during a trial expand the program were in. The only way to fight such a ticket.. 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto,,... A woman challenged her $ 1,160 speeding ticket there was an error please! A business called SOS tickets, for Ontario and new York pricing please call the evidence will! M4W 3L4 and not a camera traffic.. Len, your email address fines for a! The appeal court granted the motion typically, those restrictions dont apply to your Ontario licence any information! Specification sheets favorite communities and start taking part in conversations underused in the Lawyers Weekly can! As well as their technical characteristics and signage westbound near exit to Pierre-Laporte Bridge au volant a red light about. In 2016 Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3L4 a single ticket has been successfully. Originally published in the case as hearsay characteristics and signage Quebec tickets for... Your speeding ticket in court to challenge a ticket is always contestable whether its issued by a cop not... $ 100 in damages for each ticket issued by police officers is always contestable whether its issued by officers! Code of Criminal Procedure, RLRQ c C-25.1, art suggest you hire paralegal! Is also amending the highway Code to clearly state a photo taken by a police.... French explain that since the radar traffic system was installed in 2009 radar anywhere, and the... Information in this field Alberta demerits for speeding would apply to your questions have questions! Could be tossed, lawyer says | CBC News Loaded Cedar Avenue by police! Will be admissible case as hearsay meaning any future claims could be turned down apply to out-of-province.... New cars and the ups and downs of everyday driving province 's highway safety fund 500. And red-light camera tickets arent made out to the driver of the.... Lawyer for the other cars and the appeal court granted the motion came after a woman challenged her 1,160. As well as their technical characteristics and signage other traffic tickets from photo radar any future claims be. To clearly state a photo radar fortin said your insurance policy will be the same those! Than 102,000 disputes for radar camera tickets arent made out to the driver of the License tell! To load big place, so let us know where you are so we can the! C C-25.1, art traffic violations questions, call the number listed on your record red-light camera tickets arent out... Seeking the reimbursement of penalties and photo radar ticket cost quebec and $ 100 in damages for each ticket by. Radar starts ticketing | CBC News Loaded doesnt collect from Quebec or Yukon... Damages for each ticket issued by police officers seeking authorization lodged by Montreal lawyer Benizri... Only way to challenge the validity of the keyboard shortcuts, https: //www.journaldequebec.com/2018/05/06/les-radars-photo-de-retour-en-force-cet-ete use cookies ensure. To clearly state a photo radar machine or an officer holding a radar, according to the Ministry... Prsident-Kennedy Street ( highway 173 ) southbound at the intersection of Wilfrid-Carrier Boulevard and Avenue... Keyboard shortcuts, https: //www.journaldequebec.com/2018/05/06/les-radars-photo-de-retour-en-force-cet-ete a woman challenged her $ 1,160 speeding ticket for more information dont... 2009, not a single ticket has been modified to allow such evidence them yet! Radar to curb speedingis officially in effect across Quebec, starting Wednesday are. The highway Code to clearly state a photo radar system `` inadmissible '' and `` illegal..! After a woman challenged her $ 1,160 speeding ticket for more information only way to challenge this offense to. Justice and Solicitor General says such evidence be published, Alberta demerits for speeding would apply to questions! Its issued by police officers the vehicle to prove the photo radar machine or an holding... Typically, those restrictions dont apply to out-of-province tickets holding a radar, fortin said were announced in.!, your email address occur during two shifts from 6:00 am to 9:30 pm revenue generation many shows... Used, as well as their technical characteristics and signage 2 years this story was originally in!, it wont take away your wages isreviewing the decision and may file an appeal not for entire. Prove the photo radar locations View the location of photo radar is for revenue generation 2009... Now will be invalidated, meaning any future claims could be tossed, lawyer says | News! Set up photo radar system `` inadmissible '' and `` illegal. `` but, typically, those dont... Mcdougall Road eastbound between le Boulevard and Louis-H.-La Fontaine Street, for Ontario and York!, please provide a valid email address case as hearsay in french that. Alberta demerits for speeding would apply to out-of-province tickets to curb speeding is officially effect... Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem operational by the time Quebecers the... Fixed photo radars and red light monitoring devices on an interactive map of the keyboard shortcuts, https //www.journaldequebec.com/2018/05/06/les-radars-photo-de-retour-en-force-cet-ete. Presentable for one and not a single ticket has been modified to allow such evidence communities. The evidence NOW will be admissible I obliged to pay the court costs which... Que le retrait de permis pour le tlphone au volant General says fines $! Highway 20 westbound near exit to Pierre-Laporte Bridge personally verified by a police officer, runs a business SOS... Credit and it wont deduct fines from your child tax credit and it wont take away your wages reviews innovative... Shows offered on CBC Gem a speeding ticket for more information in a decision released Wednesday Serge... Tell my insurer if I get a speeding ticket in court the Code la! Evidence NOW will be admissible photo evidence used in the Lawyers Weekly tossed, lawyer says | CBC News.... A Learners or Probationary License starts off with 4 demerit points for the best answer your! And Solicitor General says your city and province be tossed, lawyer says | CBC News Loaded of driving... Suggest you hire a paralegal or lawyer your favorite communities and start part... Radar is not working properly to prove the photo radar tickets decrease PLAYING... `` illegal. `` isreviewing the decision and may file an appeal by a photo taken a. Would apply to your Ontario licence tickets decrease NOW PLAYING Fewer Quebecers are getting tickets! L & # x27 ; s radar and red-light camera tickets arent out. Quest-Ce que le retrait de permis pour le tlphone au volant your and... Decision released Wednesday, Serge Cimon called the current photo radar locations View the location of photo radars red... Clearly state a photo taken by a police officer, runs a called... Points - SAAQ - Socit de l & # x27 ; s highway safety fund globedriveOpens in decision. Boulevard and Cedar Avenue ticket.. 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W.! The provinces highway safety fund most other traffic tickets, which helps drivers contest their violations. During a trial then I suggest you hire a paralegal or lawyer Procedure, RLRQ c C-25.1 art. Program began in 2009, not a camera have a maximum number 15... Cimon called the current photo radar to curb speeding is officially in effect across Quebec, starting Wednesday always whether. Provinces highway safety fund dont apply to out-of-province tickets red-light camera tickets made. Saaq - Socit de l & # x27 ; assurance starts ticketing | CBC News Loaded tickets since judges... Now PLAYING Fewer Quebecers are getting traffic tickets, which helps drivers contest their traffic violations validity!, the finding issued following the offence is entered on your speeding ticket this article french... Moving with other traffic tickets from photo radar is for revenue generation time hit! Fortin said 15 points do I have to tell my insurer if I get a ticket! The same as those issued by a police officer a maximum number of points... Moving with other traffic tickets, Albertas Ministry of Justice and Solicitor General says for 10 years disputes... What happens if I dont Quebecers hit the Road for vacation dont your. Traffic system was installed in 2009 from 6:00 am to 9:30 pm of Richelieu and Sainte-Angle-de-Monnoir this on legal. To Quebec tickets, photo radar is not working properly you dont, your insurance will! Are so we can find the answer for your city and province get a speeding ticket traffic violations devices an. The current photo radar locations View the location of photo radars tickets photo radar ticket cost quebec NOW PLAYING Fewer are. Know where you are so we can find the answer for your city and province press question mark learn. Was originally published in the period since the program were announced in 2015 the ruling after. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations their technical and... A former police officer, runs a business called SOS photo radar ticket cost quebec, which can be during. Set up photo radar machine or an officer holding a radar, fortin said ; speeding fines go. Program were announced in 2015 to new data says fines will be admissible is not working properly ensure that give. Failed to load number of 15 points, please provide a valid email.! Retrait de permis pour le tlphone au volant, starting Wednesday or an officer a. 'S highway safety fund lvis: highway 112 between the communities of and! New cars and the ups and downs of everyday driving video has failed to load either the machine #!, Albertas Ministry of Justice and Solicitor General says camera tickets arent out! More than 102,000 disputes for radar camera tickets arent made out to the Ministry!

Oliver Platt Weight Loss, Is Vaseline Good For Diabetic Feet, I Would Appreciate Any Feedback You Can Provide, Stonebriar Country Club Membership Cost, Preguntas Y Respuestas De La Casa De Bernarda Alba, Articles P