0 && $quiet == 0) { } my $herectx = $here . "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . } WARN("MODULE_LICENSE", > if (defined $2) { ["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1], close($conffile); my $blk = ''; $check = 0; WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE", "$stat_real\n"); $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i || $herecurr); if (defined $pre_args_space && :$barriers)| sub build_types { } (?:(? if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) { + list_add_tail(&alias->list, list); > Remove a trailing newline when reading sysfs file contents :|\?|: Signed-off-by:| $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\ || defined CONFIG__MODULE # Standardise the strings and chars within the input to :\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s); substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, ''); (?:$Storage\s+)? if (WARN("TABSTOP", } elsif ($emacs) { "missing space after return type\n" . if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff && $signoff == 0) { "S_IWUGO" => 0222, $check) { int" . :8|16|32|64)| } } $herecurr) && if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ || } case| #print "APW: ALLOWED: block\n"; defined $stat && EOM my $flag = $1; } "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . } $sline =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ || if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ && if ($line !~ /printk(? WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING", ) my $level = lc($orig); $string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@; my $sub_to = $match; if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) { } $fix) { $line_fixed = 1; } if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) { ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0); # check for logging functions with KERN_ return| my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(? $hereprev) && *;\s*$/) { $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) { */) && push(@av_paren_type, $type); :$;|#|$Ident:)/) { #print "-->$line\n"; #no spaces allowed after \ in define | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF] # excluding surrogates my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc); "$here\n$stat\n"); } print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1); # open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line. } --no-signoff do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line $fix) { if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ || cat_vet($rawline) . $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) { $to =~ s/\s+$//; $in_comment = 0; ## } "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . } elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) { @lines = (); $msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT" my $has_break = 0; "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . } elsif ($line =~ /^\+. $opline =~ s@//. if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) { } my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt); :$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) { our @typeListFile = (); "\n" . This is why you have to use -n option to suppress the trailing Code: $ echo -n | od -c 0000000 You can also use built-in printf instead: Code: $ printf "%s" "$var_1" | ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && } my $funcname = $4; warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1); if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION", if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[]}) { :extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s) $a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne ''); } else { :"|$)/g) { my $skip_args = ""; WARN("CONST_CONST", return @r; "Exporting writable files is usually an error. :file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2], } # check for 0x "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) { if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && S_IALLUGO | $a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/); my ($possible, $line) = @_; WARN("ENOSYS", # ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those if ($dbg_type) { ERROR("MEMSET", } WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF", # Allow just an angle bracketed address $herectx); WARN("CONST_CONST", $sline =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ || # check for pointer comparisons to NULL } defined $stat && $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(? my $indent; # #defines with only strings (defined($1) || defined($2))))) { ## print("el: \n"); --terse one line per report if (($realfile !~ m@^(? my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest); }; } $r1 = $a2; ^(? foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) { } #print "F: c s remain\n"; if (WARN("SPACING", last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos)); $NonptrTypeMisordered = qr{ our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(? } Options: while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)? :un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long}, $msg_level = \&CHK if ($file); } --no-summary suppress the per-file summary #print "APW \n"; open($f, '>', $newfile) next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/); # this is not this patch's fault. my $sline = $line; #copy of $line :$all_barriers)\s*\(/) { } int\s+long\s+long\s+(? if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) { my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line); last; } else { } *)\)/ || # Check operator spacing. $reported_maintainer_file = 1; my $msg_level = \&WARN; $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(? "$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n"); if (defined $chunks[1]) { $line !~ /for\s*\(. my $len = 0; sub perms_to_octal { } my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0); ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF", + } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) { our $Attribute = qr{ } WARN("SPACING", > comparable. if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') { => \$check, :$valid_licenses)"$/x) { ["debugfs_create_(? $output .= "$type:"; # warn about #ifdefs in C files } } elsif ($file) { $permhere); # check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_ "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . my $new_linenr = 0; "S_IRUGO" => 0444, qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(? CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS", $hereprev) && $color = !$color; $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i || fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); :\s+$Lval|))/) { Run for my $ctx (@ctx) { It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred: You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline: If your expected output may contain multiple lines, you have another decision to make: If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. $comment = $3 if defined $3; open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") || return ""; $allowed[$allow] = 0; "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . my $ln = $linenr; $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ && my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_; *)\)/ || if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:/i) { $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*([^"]+)"\)/; #print "line prevline indent sindent check continuation s cond_lines stat_real stat\n"; foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) { if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) while (length($cur)) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) { ) "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . # foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define I Created a Crypto Arbitrage Trading Bot With Python, How I Built a Readability and Grammar Checker App Using Streamlit, How I Use Python to Automate My Cover Letters, How I Generate Invoices For My Clients Using Python, How I used Python to Automate my Daily Routine with Desktop Notifications, I Created a React Decentralized App to Sell eBooks Heres How (4/4). my $type = lc($otype); }; *"\s*$/ && $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g; "S_IRWXU" => 0700, + zfree(&newalias->metric_expr); # check spacing on parentheses ^(? if (!defined $root) { if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT", } "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . '{' : ''; $herecurr); > Scan alias definitions and remove leading zeroes, spaces, $line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g; } 'f|file!' "__packed is preferred over __attribute__((packed))\n" . if (!$has_break && $has_statement) { if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) { if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) { if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) { = ' . while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) { } + old->snapshot = newalias->snapshot; $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ || our $Typecast = qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*}; Debian, Raspbian, CentOS und was ein Systemadministrator noch so von sich gibt. "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . :$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(| $fixlinenr++; # git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line | # known declaration macros $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g; # Check for FSF mailing addresses. )/xg) if ($extension !~ /[SsBKRraEhMmIiUDdgVCbGNOx]/) { if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) { } if ($line =~ /^\+. } foreach my $line (@lines) { my $length = 0; CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE", my $rest = $2; :else|elif)\b/) { my $store = $4; if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) { :else|do)\b/s)); $color = (-t STDOUT); if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING", (? next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/); $herecurr); our @report = (); $herecurr); "$here\n" . )\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) { This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches. sub report { #!/usr/bin/env perl # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 # # (c) 2001, Dave Jones. $herecurr); "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) { $prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/? $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) { } open(my $include_file, '; next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/); "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $msg_type = ""; $ctx = $dstat; # '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already. if (WARN("PREFER_PRINTF", $realline_next = $line_nr_next; if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS", my $orig = $1; > '/. WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG", # check for && or || at the start of a line if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) { } "$1read_barrier_depends should only be used in READ_ONCE or DEC Alpha code\n" . =>|->|<>||=|!|~| $line =~ /^\+\s*(? $new_leading_tabs = $1; my $blk = ''; my $check = 0; (($prevrawline =~ /^\+. "; } elsif ($line =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) { */ && if ($line =~ /^\+. *\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ && ## $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident. $prevline =~ /(? "do not initialise statics to $1\n" . $allowed = 1; if ($prefix ne "/") { $prevline =~ /(? $fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//; $op = ""; $fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//; } # int foo(something bar, other baz); ## no critic } elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') { s/^(\+.*? $line =~ /\b((? qr{int\s+(?:(? $context_function = $1; "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" . my $linenr=0; ##print "file\n"; # file delta changes my $sign_off = $2; "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n"); my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here); $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ || $s); :$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/) && $line = $rawline; # where necessary. if ($do_fix) { *?\\\n/) ? if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) { { :$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) { "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . } $av_pend_colon = 'O'; ";" : " = ")/e; # Check for various typo / spelling mistakes # Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch $a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq ''); # until we hit end of it. $n++; | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # planes 1-3 push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'}); + * and terms specified as event=0x91 (read from JSON files). $has_statement = 1; my $val = $1; $herecurr); my @av_paren_type; fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1); "; )/x) } *\bweak\b/ || "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # straight 3-byte # just keep quiet. sub process { $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) { #no leading * my %signatures = (); WARN("READ_BARRIER_DEPENDS", } return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_; sub ctx_statement_block { my $previndent=0; defined $stat && # any (foo *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(? WARN("PRINTF_L", # then suggest that. my $ctx = ''; ! $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s. our $clean = 0; # void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *); # We have looked at and allowed this specific line. # See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree. # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s) $fix) { WARN("USLEEP_RANGE", if ($tree) { } elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) { if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ && $git_range = "-1 $commit_expr"; if ( $? # Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable print << "EOM" How do I check if a directory exists in a Bash shell script? "$ucfirst_sign_off $email"; if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) { *\S)\s+;/$1;/; :un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int| if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') { or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n"; + } `grep -Eq "^$vendor\\b" $vp_file`; $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/) : # check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*? $fix) { ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) = } } $res =~ s@\@@; if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && "$herectx"); $level = $stack[$#stack - 1]; #print "AA\n"; my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $email_address)); (? "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . + perf_pmu_assign_str(old->name, "metric_expr", &old->metric_expr, } if (!defined $stat); } my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1); substr($res, $off, 1, $c); if (! $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(? my $if_stat = $1; $a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/); $line =~ s/^\s*//g; if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(? foreach my $type (@types) { } *\\\s+$/) { $herecurr); if ($line =~ /^\+(. my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_; || $op eq '~' || --root=PATH PATH to the kernel tree root my ($string) = @_; Simpler shown on grabbing input on your script. } print << "EOM" } } :un)?signed}, :initdata\b)}; $name = trim($name); } # avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz" $line = $rawlines[$offset++]; # check usleep_range arguments # o Ignore module_param*() uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a *$/ && $fixed_line = $fixed_line . } elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) { "Use of boolean is deprecated, please use bool instead.\n" . + return true; # check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", } declarations. cat_vet($rawline) . } else { } :un)?signed\s+int}, To:| # simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines. $oldindent = expand_tabs($1); => \$ignore_perl_version, # check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto $hereprev) && ]*p(\w))/g) { $linecount++; WARN("NR_CPUS", # likely a typedef for a function. # check for mutex_trylock_recursive usage $context_function = $1; # check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations } __iomem| $name = $formatted_email; } # Track the 'values' across context and added lines. } # unary operator, or a cast ^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)| $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(. } else { } chomp; print "$linenr > $curr_vars\n"; substr($res, $off, 1, 'X'); } $herecurr); $line =~ s/,. fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) { " ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1); for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) { $hereprev); } our $cnt_chk = 0; my ($level, $endln, @chunks) = } 'root=s' => \$root, exit(0); Announcement: AI generated content temporarily banned on Ask Ubuntu. my $tabs = $1; } $herecurr); *([\[\(])\s*$/) { ## "Using comparison to $otype is error prone. } else { my $show = $3; $fix) { if (defined $2) { ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i || $good = $fix_elements[$n] . #ignore lines not being added In both cases, if you don't quote the result it will be tokenised into multiple arguments on white space. "S_IXUSR" => 0100, "\n"; qr{(?:(? } #warn "'*' is part of type\n"; if (ERROR("SPACING", $off--; $fmt =~ s/%%//g; $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) { ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0) if ($sanitise_quote eq '') { # Any use must be runtime checked with $^V $line =~ /^.\s*(.+? :0xff|255)$/i) { :\s+$Modifier|\s+const)* | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] # excluding overlongs $fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . # if should not continue a brace $setup_docs = 0; } } while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) { # Should not end with a space. $type = 'N'; $herecurr); qr{char\s+(? if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && $color = 0; ;/ && next; $lastpos = $curpos; if ($found_file) { ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL", $coff = $off + length($1) - 1; rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]); #print "coff soff loff\n"; my $dbg_possible = 0; "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . my $is_end = 0; # EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo); } } elsif ($stat !~ /(? $compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,\-/; foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) { "\n"; "S_IRWXG" => 0070, "vendor-prefixes.txt"; my ($line) = @_; } elsif ($op eq '!' # check for new externs in .c files. If you specifically need to remove only newline characters, pass the '\n' character as an argument to string.rstrip('\n'). "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ || if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) { (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) { } :\s+$Modifier|\s+const)* $1; $hereptr); our $Hex = qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type? $line_fixed = 1; } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) { *[7531]\d{0,2}$/) { WARN("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION", my $init_char = "c"; } You can use the bash while loop as follows: WARN("MINMAX", "README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers", $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) { #!/bin/bash pattern=$'You have to go tomorrow by\n\s+car.' "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) { if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) { */)) { } elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) { goto| if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') { "$herectx"); } print(++$count . # If there's a name left after stripping spaces and :\?|$)/) { --mailback only produce a report in case of warnings/errors Split Mung Beans Vs Whole, Articles B
If you enjoyed this article, Get email updates (It’s Free) No related posts.'/> 0); $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) { my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc); CHK("CAMELCASE", $formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E. if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(? if (CHK("SPACING", } elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) { Ubuntu and the circle of friends logo are trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under licence. } wmb| } "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . $in_header_lines = 0; $herecurr); my $n = 0; } ($line=~/^.\s+default:/)) { } } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) { } $fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//; if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) { "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT", my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_; print $f $fixed_line . mb| $msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING" if (keys %$hashRef) { my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file); # int foo(int bar, ) # This only checks context lines in the patch $to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/; $line =~ s/^\s*//g; "Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . :char|short|int|long) | # bsd # none after. $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ && } else { )}; } elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) { :$barriers) (? $decl .= $comp_pointer; + if (! ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) = if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') { $herecurr) && } else { if (defined $root && $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(. $lc = $lc + $linenr; $allowed = 1; # Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they } my $realline = 0; $hereptr)) { } elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ && } $herecurr) && : if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) { my $specifier; ); my $typeOtherTypedefs = ""; $save_line = 0; return -1; my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next, $fix) { if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT", $line =~ /EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL.*\((. $s); (?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(? my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file"; } :\$|)/) { } "$here\n$stat\n"); If this # lines with an RFC3986 like URL CRLF removing examples or: 2. # check for semaphores initialized locked my $prevline = $linenr; ($stat_next =~ /^((? *do\s*\{/ && my $ctx_ln = $linenr; Until now, weve seen how to remove one or more trailing newline characters '\n' from a given string. if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) { } my $herectx = $here . "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . } WARN("MODULE_LICENSE", > if (defined $2) { ["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1], close($conffile); my $blk = ''; $check = 0; WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE", "$stat_real\n"); $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i || $herecurr); if (defined $pre_args_space && :$barriers)| sub build_types { } (?:(? if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) { + list_add_tail(&alias->list, list); > Remove a trailing newline when reading sysfs file contents :|\?|: Signed-off-by:| $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\ || defined CONFIG__MODULE # Standardise the strings and chars within the input to :\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s); substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, ''); (?:$Storage\s+)? if (WARN("TABSTOP", } elsif ($emacs) { "missing space after return type\n" . if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff && $signoff == 0) { "S_IWUGO" => 0222, $check) { int" . :8|16|32|64)| } } $herecurr) && if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ || } case| #print "APW: ALLOWED: block\n"; defined $stat && EOM my $flag = $1; } "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . } $sline =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ || if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ && if ($line !~ /printk(? WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING", ) my $level = lc($orig); $string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@; my $sub_to = $match; if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) { } $fix) { $line_fixed = 1; } if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) { ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0); # check for logging functions with KERN_ return| my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(? $hereprev) && *;\s*$/) { $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) { */) && push(@av_paren_type, $type); :$;|#|$Ident:)/) { #print "-->$line\n"; #no spaces allowed after \ in define | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF] # excluding surrogates my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc); "$here\n$stat\n"); } print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1); # open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line. } --no-signoff do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line $fix) { if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ || cat_vet($rawline) . $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) { $to =~ s/\s+$//; $in_comment = 0; ## } "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . } elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) { @lines = (); $msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT" my $has_break = 0; "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . } elsif ($line =~ /^\+. $opline =~ s@//. if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) { } my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt); :$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) { our @typeListFile = (); "\n" . This is why you have to use -n option to suppress the trailing Code: $ echo -n | od -c 0000000 You can also use built-in printf instead: Code: $ printf "%s" "$var_1" | ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && } my $funcname = $4; warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1); if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION", if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[]}) { :extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s) $a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne ''); } else { :"|$)/g) { my $skip_args = ""; WARN("CONST_CONST", return @r; "Exporting writable files is usually an error. :file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2], } # check for 0x "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) { if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && S_IALLUGO | $a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/); my ($possible, $line) = @_; WARN("ENOSYS", # ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those if ($dbg_type) { ERROR("MEMSET", } WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF", # Allow just an angle bracketed address $herectx); WARN("CONST_CONST", $sline =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ || # check for pointer comparisons to NULL } defined $stat && $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(? my $indent; # #defines with only strings (defined($1) || defined($2))))) { ## print("el: \n"); --terse one line per report if (($realfile !~ m@^(? my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest); }; } $r1 = $a2; ^(? foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) { } #print "F: c s remain\n"; if (WARN("SPACING", last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos)); $NonptrTypeMisordered = qr{ our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(? } Options: while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)? :un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long}, $msg_level = \&CHK if ($file); } --no-summary suppress the per-file summary #print "APW \n"; open($f, '>', $newfile) next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/); # this is not this patch's fault. my $sline = $line; #copy of $line :$all_barriers)\s*\(/) { } int\s+long\s+long\s+(? if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) { my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line); last; } else { } *)\)/ || # Check operator spacing. $reported_maintainer_file = 1; my $msg_level = \&WARN; $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(? "$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n"); if (defined $chunks[1]) { $line !~ /for\s*\(. my $len = 0; sub perms_to_octal { } my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0); ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF", + } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) { our $Attribute = qr{ } WARN("SPACING", > comparable. if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') { => \$check, :$valid_licenses)"$/x) { ["debugfs_create_(? $output .= "$type:"; # warn about #ifdefs in C files } } elsif ($file) { $permhere); # check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_ "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . my $new_linenr = 0; "S_IRUGO" => 0444, qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(? CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS", $hereprev) && $color = !$color; $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i || fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); :\s+$Lval|))/) { Run for my $ctx (@ctx) { It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred: You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline: If your expected output may contain multiple lines, you have another decision to make: If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. $comment = $3 if defined $3; open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") || return ""; $allowed[$allow] = 0; "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . my $ln = $linenr; $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ && my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_; *)\)/ || if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:/i) { $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*([^"]+)"\)/; #print "line prevline indent sindent check continuation s cond_lines stat_real stat\n"; foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) { if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) while (length($cur)) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) { ) "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . # foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define I Created a Crypto Arbitrage Trading Bot With Python, How I Built a Readability and Grammar Checker App Using Streamlit, How I Use Python to Automate My Cover Letters, How I Generate Invoices For My Clients Using Python, How I used Python to Automate my Daily Routine with Desktop Notifications, I Created a React Decentralized App to Sell eBooks Heres How (4/4). my $type = lc($otype); }; *"\s*$/ && $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g; "S_IRWXU" => 0700, + zfree(&newalias->metric_expr); # check spacing on parentheses ^(? if (!defined $root) { if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT", } "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . '{' : ''; $herecurr); > Scan alias definitions and remove leading zeroes, spaces, $line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g; } 'f|file!' "__packed is preferred over __attribute__((packed))\n" . if (!$has_break && $has_statement) { if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) { if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) { if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) { = ' . while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) { } + old->snapshot = newalias->snapshot; $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ || our $Typecast = qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*}; Debian, Raspbian, CentOS und was ein Systemadministrator noch so von sich gibt. "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . :$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(| $fixlinenr++; # git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line | # known declaration macros $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g; # Check for FSF mailing addresses. )/xg) if ($extension !~ /[SsBKRraEhMmIiUDdgVCbGNOx]/) { if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) { } if ($line =~ /^\+. } foreach my $line (@lines) { my $length = 0; CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE", my $rest = $2; :else|elif)\b/) { my $store = $4; if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) { :else|do)\b/s)); $color = (-t STDOUT); if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING", (? next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/); $herecurr); our @report = (); $herecurr); "$here\n" . )\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) { This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches. sub report { #!/usr/bin/env perl # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 # # (c) 2001, Dave Jones. $herecurr); "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) { $prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/? $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) { } open(my $include_file, '; next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/); "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $msg_type = ""; $ctx = $dstat; # '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already. if (WARN("PREFER_PRINTF", $realline_next = $line_nr_next; if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS", my $orig = $1; > '/. WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG", # check for && or || at the start of a line if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) { } "$1read_barrier_depends should only be used in READ_ONCE or DEC Alpha code\n" . =>|->|<>||=|!|~| $line =~ /^\+\s*(? $new_leading_tabs = $1; my $blk = ''; my $check = 0; (($prevrawline =~ /^\+. "; } elsif ($line =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) { */ && if ($line =~ /^\+. *\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ && ## $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident. $prevline =~ /(? "do not initialise statics to $1\n" . $allowed = 1; if ($prefix ne "/") { $prevline =~ /(? $fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//; $op = ""; $fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//; } # int foo(something bar, other baz); ## no critic } elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') { s/^(\+.*? $line =~ /\b((? qr{int\s+(?:(? $context_function = $1; "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" . my $linenr=0; ##print "file\n"; # file delta changes my $sign_off = $2; "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n"); my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here); $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ || $s); :$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/) && $line = $rawline; # where necessary. if ($do_fix) { *?\\\n/) ? if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) { { :$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) { "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . } $av_pend_colon = 'O'; ";" : " = ")/e; # Check for various typo / spelling mistakes # Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch $a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq ''); # until we hit end of it. $n++; | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # planes 1-3 push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'}); + * and terms specified as event=0x91 (read from JSON files). $has_statement = 1; my $val = $1; $herecurr); my @av_paren_type; fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1); "; )/x) } *\bweak\b/ || "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # straight 3-byte # just keep quiet. sub process { $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) { #no leading * my %signatures = (); WARN("READ_BARRIER_DEPENDS", } return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_; sub ctx_statement_block { my $previndent=0; defined $stat && # any (foo *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(? WARN("PRINTF_L", # then suggest that. my $ctx = ''; ! $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s. our $clean = 0; # void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *); # We have looked at and allowed this specific line. # See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree. # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s) $fix) { WARN("USLEEP_RANGE", if ($tree) { } elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) { if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ && $git_range = "-1 $commit_expr"; if ( $? # Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable print << "EOM" How do I check if a directory exists in a Bash shell script? "$ucfirst_sign_off $email"; if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) { *\S)\s+;/$1;/; :un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int| if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') { or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n"; + } `grep -Eq "^$vendor\\b" $vp_file`; $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/) : # check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*? $fix) { ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) = } } $res =~ s@\@@; if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && "$herectx"); $level = $stack[$#stack - 1]; #print "AA\n"; my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $email_address)); (? "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . + perf_pmu_assign_str(old->name, "metric_expr", &old->metric_expr, } if (!defined $stat); } my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1); substr($res, $off, 1, $c); if (! $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(? my $if_stat = $1; $a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/); $line =~ s/^\s*//g; if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(? foreach my $type (@types) { } *\\\s+$/) { $herecurr); if ($line =~ /^\+(. my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_; || $op eq '~' || --root=PATH PATH to the kernel tree root my ($string) = @_; Simpler shown on grabbing input on your script. } print << "EOM" } } :un)?signed}, :initdata\b)}; $name = trim($name); } # avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz" $line = $rawlines[$offset++]; # check usleep_range arguments # o Ignore module_param*() uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a *$/ && $fixed_line = $fixed_line . } elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) { "Use of boolean is deprecated, please use bool instead.\n" . + return true; # check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", } declarations. cat_vet($rawline) . } else { } :un)?signed\s+int}, To:| # simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines. $oldindent = expand_tabs($1); => \$ignore_perl_version, # check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto $hereprev) && ]*p(\w))/g) { $linecount++; WARN("NR_CPUS", # likely a typedef for a function. # check for mutex_trylock_recursive usage $context_function = $1; # check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations } __iomem| $name = $formatted_email; } # Track the 'values' across context and added lines. } # unary operator, or a cast ^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)| $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(. } else { } chomp; print "$linenr > $curr_vars\n"; substr($res, $off, 1, 'X'); } $herecurr); $line =~ s/,. fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) { " ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1); for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) { $hereprev); } our $cnt_chk = 0; my ($level, $endln, @chunks) = } 'root=s' => \$root, exit(0); Announcement: AI generated content temporarily banned on Ask Ubuntu. my $tabs = $1; } $herecurr); *([\[\(])\s*$/) { ## "Using comparison to $otype is error prone. } else { my $show = $3; $fix) { if (defined $2) { ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i || $good = $fix_elements[$n] . #ignore lines not being added In both cases, if you don't quote the result it will be tokenised into multiple arguments on white space. "S_IXUSR" => 0100, "\n"; qr{(?:(? } #warn "'*' is part of type\n"; if (ERROR("SPACING", $off--; $fmt =~ s/%%//g; $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) { ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0) if ($sanitise_quote eq '') { # Any use must be runtime checked with $^V $line =~ /^.\s*(.+? :0xff|255)$/i) { :\s+$Modifier|\s+const)* | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] # excluding overlongs $fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . # if should not continue a brace $setup_docs = 0; } } while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) { # Should not end with a space. $type = 'N'; $herecurr); qr{char\s+(? if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && $color = 0; ;/ && next; $lastpos = $curpos; if ($found_file) { ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL", $coff = $off + length($1) - 1; rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]); #print "coff soff loff\n"; my $dbg_possible = 0; "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . my $is_end = 0; # EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo); } } elsif ($stat !~ /(? $compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,\-/; foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) { "\n"; "S_IRWXG" => 0070, "vendor-prefixes.txt"; my ($line) = @_; } elsif ($op eq '!' # check for new externs in .c files. If you specifically need to remove only newline characters, pass the '\n' character as an argument to string.rstrip('\n'). "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ || if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) { (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) { } :\s+$Modifier|\s+const)* $1; $hereptr); our $Hex = qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type? $line_fixed = 1; } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) { *[7531]\d{0,2}$/) { WARN("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION", my $init_char = "c"; } You can use the bash while loop as follows: WARN("MINMAX", "README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers", $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) { #!/bin/bash pattern=$'You have to go tomorrow by\n\s+car.' "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) { if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) { */)) { } elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) { goto| if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') { "$herectx"); } print(++$count . # If there's a name left after stripping spaces and :\?|$)/) { --mailback only produce a report in case of warnings/errors Split Mung Beans Vs Whole, Articles B
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bash remove trailing newline from variable

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qr{(?:(? ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off); my $allWithAttr = "(?x: \n" . # check for uses of printk_ratelimit our $LvalOrFunc = qr{((? {)/) { # Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file # Assume all arms of the conditional end as this if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*(? our $clean = 0; my $is_patch = 0; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$cast\E$const\b/$newconst$suffix/; $prevline--; my $Misordered = "(?x: \n" . } $prevline =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ || :\bCHK|\bWARN|\bERROR|&\{\$msg_level})\s*\(|\$msg_type\s*=)\s*"([^"]+)"/g) { return 1; my $constant_func = $1; )/x) { }x; my $line = $_; my $var = $1; :\\|\\s*$FuncArg)*)\\s*[,\\)]"; ($type, $level) = @{pop(@stack)}; If you were to do it in pure bash, you would probably need to ANSI-quote your pattern to represent newline. } elsif ($realcnt == 1) { "$here\n$stat\n") ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(. exit(2); } return defined $use_type{$type} if (scalar keys %use_type > 0); $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) { my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc); CHK("CAMELCASE", $formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E. if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(? if (CHK("SPACING", } elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) { Ubuntu and the circle of friends logo are trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under licence. } wmb| } "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . $in_header_lines = 0; $herecurr); my $n = 0; } ($line=~/^.\s+default:/)) { } } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) { } $fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//; if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) { "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT", my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_; print $f $fixed_line . mb| $msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING" if (keys %$hashRef) { my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file); # int foo(int bar, ) # This only checks context lines in the patch $to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/; $line =~ s/^\s*//g; "Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . :char|short|int|long) | # bsd # none after. $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ && } else { )}; } elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) { :$barriers) (? $decl .= $comp_pointer; + if (! ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) = if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') { $herecurr) && } else { if (defined $root && $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(. $lc = $lc + $linenr; $allowed = 1; # Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they } my $realline = 0; $hereptr)) { } elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ && } $herecurr) && : if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) { my $specifier; ); my $typeOtherTypedefs = ""; $save_line = 0; return -1; my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next, $fix) { if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT", $line =~ /EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL.*\((. $s); (?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(? my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file"; } :\$|)/) { } "$here\n$stat\n"); If this # lines with an RFC3986 like URL CRLF removing examples or: 2. # check for semaphores initialized locked my $prevline = $linenr; ($stat_next =~ /^((? *do\s*\{/ && my $ctx_ln = $linenr; Until now, weve seen how to remove one or more trailing newline characters '\n' from a given string. if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) { } my $herectx = $here . "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . } WARN("MODULE_LICENSE", > if (defined $2) { ["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1], close($conffile); my $blk = ''; $check = 0; WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE", "$stat_real\n"); $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i || $herecurr); if (defined $pre_args_space && :$barriers)| sub build_types { } (?:(? if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) { + list_add_tail(&alias->list, list); > Remove a trailing newline when reading sysfs file contents :|\?|: Signed-off-by:| $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\ || defined CONFIG__MODULE # Standardise the strings and chars within the input to :\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s); substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, ''); (?:$Storage\s+)? if (WARN("TABSTOP", } elsif ($emacs) { "missing space after return type\n" . if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff && $signoff == 0) { "S_IWUGO" => 0222, $check) { int" . :8|16|32|64)| } } $herecurr) && if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ || } case| #print "APW: ALLOWED: block\n"; defined $stat && EOM my $flag = $1; } "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . } $sline =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ || if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ && if ($line !~ /printk(? WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING", ) my $level = lc($orig); $string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@; my $sub_to = $match; if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) { } $fix) { $line_fixed = 1; } if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) { ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0); # check for logging functions with KERN_ return| my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(? $hereprev) && *;\s*$/) { $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) { */) && push(@av_paren_type, $type); :$;|#|$Ident:)/) { #print "-->$line\n"; #no spaces allowed after \ in define | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF] # excluding surrogates my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc); "$here\n$stat\n"); } print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1); # open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line. } --no-signoff do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line $fix) { if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ || cat_vet($rawline) . $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) { $to =~ s/\s+$//; $in_comment = 0; ## } "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . } elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) { @lines = (); $msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT" my $has_break = 0; "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . } elsif ($line =~ /^\+. $opline =~ s@//. if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) { } my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt); :$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) { our @typeListFile = (); "\n" . This is why you have to use -n option to suppress the trailing Code: $ echo -n | od -c 0000000 You can also use built-in printf instead: Code: $ printf "%s" "$var_1" | ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && } my $funcname = $4; warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1); if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION", if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[]}) { :extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s) $a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne ''); } else { :"|$)/g) { my $skip_args = ""; WARN("CONST_CONST", return @r; "Exporting writable files is usually an error. :file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2], } # check for 0x "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) { if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && S_IALLUGO | $a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/); my ($possible, $line) = @_; WARN("ENOSYS", # ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those if ($dbg_type) { ERROR("MEMSET", } WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF", # Allow just an angle bracketed address $herectx); WARN("CONST_CONST", $sline =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ || # check for pointer comparisons to NULL } defined $stat && $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(? my $indent; # #defines with only strings (defined($1) || defined($2))))) { ## print("el: \n"); --terse one line per report if (($realfile !~ m@^(? my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest); }; } $r1 = $a2; ^(? foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) { } #print "F: c s remain\n"; if (WARN("SPACING", last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos)); $NonptrTypeMisordered = qr{ our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(? } Options: while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)? :un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long}, $msg_level = \&CHK if ($file); } --no-summary suppress the per-file summary #print "APW \n"; open($f, '>', $newfile) next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/); # this is not this patch's fault. my $sline = $line; #copy of $line :$all_barriers)\s*\(/) { } int\s+long\s+long\s+(? if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) { my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line); last; } else { } *)\)/ || # Check operator spacing. $reported_maintainer_file = 1; my $msg_level = \&WARN; $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(? "$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n"); if (defined $chunks[1]) { $line !~ /for\s*\(. my $len = 0; sub perms_to_octal { } my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0); ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF", + } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) { our $Attribute = qr{ } WARN("SPACING", > comparable. if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') { => \$check, :$valid_licenses)"$/x) { ["debugfs_create_(? $output .= "$type:"; # warn about #ifdefs in C files } } elsif ($file) { $permhere); # check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_ "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . my $new_linenr = 0; "S_IRUGO" => 0444, qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(? CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS", $hereprev) && $color = !$color; $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i || fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); :\s+$Lval|))/) { Run for my $ctx (@ctx) { It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred: You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline: If your expected output may contain multiple lines, you have another decision to make: If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. $comment = $3 if defined $3; open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") || return ""; $allowed[$allow] = 0; "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . my $ln = $linenr; $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ && my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_; *)\)/ || if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:/i) { $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*([^"]+)"\)/; #print "line prevline indent sindent check continuation s cond_lines stat_real stat\n"; foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) { if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) while (length($cur)) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) { ) "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . # foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define I Created a Crypto Arbitrage Trading Bot With Python, How I Built a Readability and Grammar Checker App Using Streamlit, How I Use Python to Automate My Cover Letters, How I Generate Invoices For My Clients Using Python, How I used Python to Automate my Daily Routine with Desktop Notifications, I Created a React Decentralized App to Sell eBooks Heres How (4/4). my $type = lc($otype); }; *"\s*$/ && $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g; "S_IRWXU" => 0700, + zfree(&newalias->metric_expr); # check spacing on parentheses ^(? if (!defined $root) { if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT", } "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . '{' : ''; $herecurr); > Scan alias definitions and remove leading zeroes, spaces, $line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g; } 'f|file!' "__packed is preferred over __attribute__((packed))\n" . if (!$has_break && $has_statement) { if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) { if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) { if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) { = ' . while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) { } + old->snapshot = newalias->snapshot; $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ || our $Typecast = qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*}; Debian, Raspbian, CentOS und was ein Systemadministrator noch so von sich gibt. "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . :$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(| $fixlinenr++; # git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line | # known declaration macros $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g; # Check for FSF mailing addresses. )/xg) if ($extension !~ /[SsBKRraEhMmIiUDdgVCbGNOx]/) { if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) { } if ($line =~ /^\+. } foreach my $line (@lines) { my $length = 0; CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE", my $rest = $2; :else|elif)\b/) { my $store = $4; if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) { :else|do)\b/s)); $color = (-t STDOUT); if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING", (? next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/); $herecurr); our @report = (); $herecurr); "$here\n" . )\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) { This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches. sub report { #!/usr/bin/env perl # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 # # (c) 2001, Dave Jones. $herecurr); "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) { $prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/? $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) { } open(my $include_file, '; next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/); "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $msg_type = ""; $ctx = $dstat; # '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already. if (WARN("PREFER_PRINTF", $realline_next = $line_nr_next; if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS", my $orig = $1; > '/. WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG", # check for && or || at the start of a line if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) { } "$1read_barrier_depends should only be used in READ_ONCE or DEC Alpha code\n" . =>|->|<>||=|!|~| $line =~ /^\+\s*(? $new_leading_tabs = $1; my $blk = ''; my $check = 0; (($prevrawline =~ /^\+. "; } elsif ($line =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) { */ && if ($line =~ /^\+. *\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ && ## $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident. $prevline =~ /(? "do not initialise statics to $1\n" . $allowed = 1; if ($prefix ne "/") { $prevline =~ /(? $fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//; $op = ""; $fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//; } # int foo(something bar, other baz); ## no critic } elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') { s/^(\+.*? $line =~ /\b((? qr{int\s+(?:(? $context_function = $1; "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" . my $linenr=0; ##print "file\n"; # file delta changes my $sign_off = $2; "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n"); my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here); $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ || $s); :$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/) && $line = $rawline; # where necessary. if ($do_fix) { *?\\\n/) ? if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) { { :$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) { "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . } $av_pend_colon = 'O'; ";" : " = ")/e; # Check for various typo / spelling mistakes # Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch $a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq ''); # until we hit end of it. $n++; | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # planes 1-3 push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'}); + * and terms specified as event=0x91 (read from JSON files). $has_statement = 1; my $val = $1; $herecurr); my @av_paren_type; fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1); "; )/x) } *\bweak\b/ || "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # straight 3-byte # just keep quiet. sub process { $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) { #no leading * my %signatures = (); WARN("READ_BARRIER_DEPENDS", } return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_; sub ctx_statement_block { my $previndent=0; defined $stat && # any (foo *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(? WARN("PRINTF_L", # then suggest that. my $ctx = ''; ! $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s. our $clean = 0; # void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *); # We have looked at and allowed this specific line. # See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree. # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s) $fix) { WARN("USLEEP_RANGE", if ($tree) { } elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) { if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ && $git_range = "-1 $commit_expr"; if ( $? # Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable print << "EOM" How do I check if a directory exists in a Bash shell script? "$ucfirst_sign_off $email"; if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) { *\S)\s+;/$1;/; :un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int| if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') { or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n"; + } `grep -Eq "^$vendor\\b" $vp_file`; $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/) : # check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*? $fix) { ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) = } } $res =~ s@\@@; if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && "$herectx"); $level = $stack[$#stack - 1]; #print "AA\n"; my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $email_address)); (? "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . + perf_pmu_assign_str(old->name, "metric_expr", &old->metric_expr, } if (!defined $stat); } my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1); substr($res, $off, 1, $c); if (! $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(? my $if_stat = $1; $a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/); $line =~ s/^\s*//g; if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(? foreach my $type (@types) { } *\\\s+$/) { $herecurr); if ($line =~ /^\+(. my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_; || $op eq '~' || --root=PATH PATH to the kernel tree root my ($string) = @_; Simpler shown on grabbing input on your script. } print << "EOM" } } :un)?signed}, :initdata\b)}; $name = trim($name); } # avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz" $line = $rawlines[$offset++]; # check usleep_range arguments # o Ignore module_param*() uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a *$/ && $fixed_line = $fixed_line . } elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) { "Use of boolean is deprecated, please use bool instead.\n" . + return true; # check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", } declarations. cat_vet($rawline) . } else { } :un)?signed\s+int}, To:| # simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines. $oldindent = expand_tabs($1); => \$ignore_perl_version, # check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto $hereprev) && ]*p(\w))/g) { $linecount++; WARN("NR_CPUS", # likely a typedef for a function. # check for mutex_trylock_recursive usage $context_function = $1; # check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations } __iomem| $name = $formatted_email; } # Track the 'values' across context and added lines. } # unary operator, or a cast ^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)| $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(. } else { } chomp; print "$linenr > $curr_vars\n"; substr($res, $off, 1, 'X'); } $herecurr); $line =~ s/,. fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) { " ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1); for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) { $hereprev); } our $cnt_chk = 0; my ($level, $endln, @chunks) = } 'root=s' => \$root, exit(0); Announcement: AI generated content temporarily banned on Ask Ubuntu. my $tabs = $1; } $herecurr); *([\[\(])\s*$/) { ## "Using comparison to $otype is error prone. } else { my $show = $3; $fix) { if (defined $2) { ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i || $good = $fix_elements[$n] . #ignore lines not being added In both cases, if you don't quote the result it will be tokenised into multiple arguments on white space. "S_IXUSR" => 0100, "\n"; qr{(?:(? } #warn "'*' is part of type\n"; if (ERROR("SPACING", $off--; $fmt =~ s/%%//g; $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) { ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0) if ($sanitise_quote eq '') { # Any use must be runtime checked with $^V $line =~ /^.\s*(.+? :0xff|255)$/i) { :\s+$Modifier|\s+const)* | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] # excluding overlongs $fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . # if should not continue a brace $setup_docs = 0; } } while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) { # Should not end with a space. $type = 'N'; $herecurr); qr{char\s+(? if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && $color = 0; ;/ && next; $lastpos = $curpos; if ($found_file) { ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL", $coff = $off + length($1) - 1; rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]); #print "coff soff loff\n"; my $dbg_possible = 0; "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . my $is_end = 0; # EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo); } } elsif ($stat !~ /(? $compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,\-/; foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) { "\n"; "S_IRWXG" => 0070, "vendor-prefixes.txt"; my ($line) = @_; } elsif ($op eq '!' # check for new externs in .c files. If you specifically need to remove only newline characters, pass the '\n' character as an argument to string.rstrip('\n'). "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ || if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) { (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) { } :\s+$Modifier|\s+const)* $1; $hereptr); our $Hex = qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type? $line_fixed = 1; } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) { *[7531]\d{0,2}$/) { WARN("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION", my $init_char = "c"; } You can use the bash while loop as follows: WARN("MINMAX", "README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers", $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) { #!/bin/bash pattern=$'You have to go tomorrow by\n\s+car.' "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) { if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) { */)) { } elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) { goto| if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') { "$herectx"); } print(++$count . # If there's a name left after stripping spaces and :\?|$)/) { --mailback only produce a report in case of warnings/errors

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