list of british prisoners in thailandlist of british prisoners in thailand

The Japanese army decided its construction was vital as it was too dangerous to ship armed forces, goods and materials by sea and run the risk of US submarines (see the Hellships section to note the very high number sunk by Allied forces submarines during this period). 1 Sub Camp, Fukuoka Group, Najima, Kashii PoW Camp, Japan, JC /248 Neawitz Camp,Omori Camp, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /251 Kanose Camp D16, Hiroshima Group, Japan, JC /254 Yokohama No. The room was big, but not big enough for the 70 people it held. In 1943, when the International Red Cross agent in Singapore complained to a senior military official concerning his continued non-recognition, he was arrested and interrogated by the Japanese military police as a suspected spy. The other 60 per cent were primarily miners and businessmen. After the 1st Thailand prisoner amnesty was enacted in July 2021, a 2nd amnesty has been made official to commemorate the birthday of His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great. ", Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. The head of the Food and Drug Administration, Paisarn Dunkum, says the distributor submitted all required paperwork . Sailed from Celebes to Kendari on 10/1/44 with 9 POWs on board. endobj The other countries holding UK citizens are Bangladesh, India, Thailand, the UAE, St Kitts and Nevis and the United States. His mother, through video chats and online coordination, works to keep the young mans spirits buoyed as he serves time in one of the harshest prison regimes in the world. The worst problem for prisoners in all North-east Asian camps was enduring the extreme cold in an undernourished state. 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Dominions, 28,500 from Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan. It consisted of five large and three small family barracks also called hongs. Sometimes those soldiers in charge of guarding the prisoners around the camp and the work site were dispatched from a nearby regiment or other units. endobj Lance is lucky that he is not being held at Bang Kwang Prison also known infamously as the Bangkok Hilton which is reputed to be Thailand harshest jail. Starvation and malnutrition were the POW's most critical problems. Hello travellers, when your sick of the temples, markets and bars try the following;- get up early and catch an express boat to nonthaburi, the boats have big orange flags and the trip from khao san area takes approx 50 minutes. 16 0 obj endobj endobj ), No. POWs were then transferred to the Tamahoko Maru which was sunk 24/6/44 in Nagasaki bay with only 212 survivors. The UK and the country in which the British prisoner is held have the right to refuse a request as this is not an automatic right. The distribution of this mail among the prisoner-of-war and internment camps in Japan and Japanese-occupied territory was slow and haphazard. Color-coded by date of establishment as a main camp: blue for 1933-1937, gray for 1938-1939, red for 1940-1941, green for 1942, yellow for 1943-1944. It is reported that least 1,000 of these inmates are foreigners normally held in Building 2.The institution is a huge prison complex housing both men and women. Dainichi was torpedoed on 08/10/43 by USS Gurnard, along with another Japanese ship, she was carrying a troop transport of over 2000 at this time. 3 0 obj *3 Australian war memorial archiveshttps://www.awm.gov.au/events/conference/2002/degroen.asp. . It left Manila on 13 December 1944 and over the next two days was bombed and strafed by American planes. Unlike weapons and supply transports (which were sometimes marked as Red Cross ships), these prisoner transports were unmarked and were targeted by Allied submarines and aircraft very often the majority of these ships were sunk by the end of the war. Torpedoed by USS Seahorse the next day on 21/1/44. Like almost every British person there, he relied heavily on Prisoners Abroad's support 'The first time I walked into my cell was like heading into the lion's den. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. While there are some contradictions about just how tough and nightmarish Thai prisons are or Klong Prem prison might be, it is a high security facility in Thailand notorious for the spread of diseases and conditions that are unhygienic. According to the findings of the Tokyo Tribunal, the death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1%, seven times that of POWs under the Germans and Italians. 1600+ British POWs arrived here on May 20th 1943 from a 300-mile march from Ban Pong. Used to ferry some of the party of 2200 British, Dutch & Australian POWs including RAF from Singapore to Moji (Japan) leaving 5th June 1944, Kunimata Maru (often misspelled Kurimata). He has spent nearly 19 months in an Indian prison accused of being connected to the murders of a number of Hindu nationalists. After the war, it became clear that there existed a high command order issued from the War Ministry in Tokyo to kill all remaining POWs. In some camps, there were canteens where the POWs could buy simple daily necessities. 2nd Lieutenant USAF Samuel C. Grashio survived the Bataan Death March and participated in the only successful mass escape from a Japanese prison camp. 8 0 obj Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means toilet -due to the number of POWs suffering dysentery on board. This included administering an elaborate questionnaire to all prisoner of wars in Korea, interviewing prisoners and even requiring them to write essays about their attitudes towards Japan. The report of the International Red Cross Committee gives the best idea of how the visits were conducted: The duration of the visit to the camps was generally restricted to two hours, made up of one for a conversation with the camp commandant, thirty minutes for visiting quarters, and thirty minutes for an interview, in the presence of the Japanese officers of the camp, with a camp leader appointed by them. Negotiations with the Japanese for an exchange of sick and wounded prisoners of war produced no result, but those for an exchange of civilians made possible two repatriation operations, one in 1942 and the other in 1943. Drinking water was boiled as chemicals were not available. Primarily a hospital POW camp it housed around 7,500 POWs mostly the US. In addition to the number of POWs who reached Japanese camps, approximately 11,000 POWs tragically lost their lives when allied air and submarine forces attacked the ships transporting the POWs to Japan. The information they provided gave urgency to the question of further exchange agreements, but in spite of unceasing negotiation, this draft was destined to be the last to be repatriated from Japanese custody until the liberation of the Philippines in February 1945. Sailed from Hong Kong to Japan (Moji) via Taiwan in December 1943 carrying 500 POWs. CHANGI POW CAMP was opened after Singapore's fall on February 15th 1942 and was the main camp for the captured British and Commonwealth forces. The remaining prisoners were then transported by train to La Union. Argyle Street Camp was a Japanese World War II Prisoner-of-war camp in Kowloon, Hong Kong which primarily held officer prisoners. Changi was not just one camp but up to seven prisoner-of-war (POW) and internee camps. Sometimes they were thrown into very small cells without food. With the lights of Japan in sight on 26th June 1944 one of the ships in the convoy exploded after being torpedoed by the US submarine USS Tang. In all there are 14,324 prisoners of which 14,125 are males and 199 are females.[3]. Why are hundreds of foreigners incarcerated in Peruvian Prisons? Deck space was also used for the prisoners. Don was amongst some 900 British P.O.W.s aboard the Kachidoki Maru, being transported from Malaya to Japan. He revealed that he traveled regularly to the prison to bring his son food and expressed himself worried about his sons physical and mental condition. The Thailand-Burma railway was a 258 mile (415km) track route covering the distance between Bangkok Thailand and Rangoon Burma, it was built using slave labour under the control of the Japanese army during the period 1942-45. . Not one of them survived. Wada was found guilty of causing the deaths of numerous American and Allied prisoners of war by neglecting to transmit to his superiors requests for adequate quarters, food, drinking water, and medical attention. Sailed from Singapore to Manila on 04/7/44 with 1287 POWs on board arriving 15 days later. The young man, who is now 32 years of age, is believed to be suffering from the physical and mental effects of 5 years in Bangkoks Klong Prem prison on the outskirts of Bangkok in Chatuchak. He claimed that inaccurate information about him had been supplied to the Thais and this had affected his case. The ship was later part of a convoy sailing on 3rd June 1944 from Batavia, Java towards Japan with 772 Australian, British and American prisoners of war on board. The Japanese transferred most of the prisoners to other areas, leaving just over 500 seriously ill American and other Allied POWs and civilians in the prison. I wrote back to them many times. After the war, Changi Gaol once again became a civilian prison, while the Changi military area was repaired and redeveloped for use by the British garrison. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.56 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Hokusen Maru (AKA Haro Maru, Haru Mary, Benjo Maru, Horror Maru). The more interesting material is often the returning POW questionnaires found within WO392/23 (A-D) WO392/26 (R-Z), these were collated by MI9, the British secret service department responsible for escape and evasion. Changi POW camps: TNA index reference & location: WO 367. To-151 Kamioka Prison (Gummyoji) Yokohama. Note: Hellships were frequently renamed or known by other names -AKA in these listings means 'also known as'. _L ]aQuV%^+[v`w`T[0Y?Zl.f5q^IYHm>_*WXB=5C4?AFdM$V8KeY=ZV^ADce_Gb=iDZ1OABh}[wK,NUcn$Ys'&>WX=fd5BkqE$Z/VVIigLA6FUWA6&koB:XXpJXW[kFt5$E.4+%=wN[XH }kvqX0=]n=n b+\O 6>q &F p The prisoners of war allocated to this force were all sick men, with Diptheria and dysentery amongst other illnesses. They were forced to engage in the hard labour of constructing railways, roads, airfields, etc. Prisoners are forced to live in horrendous conditions and constant fear. The bridge was built on a small tributary of the larger main river at Tha Mae Kham, some miles away from the Bridge that tourists are now shown as the bridge. He would help anyone in need, she said then. The first project for the prisoners was to clean the building. These contain basic details of each POW and in Japanese on the back additional information - that on POWs who died is particularly informative. Arrived on 18th March with 60 POWs. It may be that as a consequence, conditions in the Korean camps, and especially at Keijo, were significantly better than in most other Japanese controlled camps. Nazi concentration camps. Figures show that 17 are in jail on murder charges and 10 for drugs . These will contain the following sections: Camp, name, nationality, place of capture, fathers name, place of origin, next of kin and address, POW number, date of birth, unit and service number, date captured, mothers name, occupation and some other remarks. Whenever that happens or what terms will be subsequently laid down by Thai, UK and for Jake, Australian authorities. His conviction is currently under review in Thailand, and we are hopeful it will be overturned. Sailed from Manila to Davao departing on 1/7/42 the journey lasted 8 days and had 200 POWs on board. b "&*X( Despite the physical support they were giving me, the pressure of life inside had quite an effect on my mental health. Tarsau (Nam Tok) - 131 KM from Non Pladuk II, 284 KM from Thanbyuzayat. This more benign regimen included better food, adequate accommodation, access to Red Cross parcels, delivery of mail (albeit slow), fewer atrocities and well-stage-managed annual inspections by International Red Cross Committee teams. Later that day Suga formally surrendered to Brigadier Thomas Eastick, the commander of Kuching Force (a detachment from the Australian 9th Division) at Batu Lintang camp. Almost 900 of the villains crammed into foreign hell holes are drug dealers, with 154 child sex beasts and 102 caged for immigration offences. Left Singapore on 4/9/44 bound for Japan with 950 British & Australian POWs from D party group 4, sunk in the same incident on 12/9/44as the Rakuyo maru and 520 were rescued by the Japanese and a few others by US submarines. Because the prison censored my letters, I couldnt exactly explain the full horror of what I was seeing. Kachidoki Maru (AKA Kakko maru/President Harrison). Focusing on the doctors and medical staff among the prisoners. I was paranoid with fear convinced that people were talking about me because I couldnt understand what they were saying. 1 Camp, Copper mine, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /58 Heito, No. *10 US NARA archives prologue magazine 2003. <> The final column shows the pre-trial/remand population rate per 100,000 of the national population. All rights reserved. These men had no assurance that the Japanese would respect the persons of neutral nationals any more than they did those of the nationals of enemy countries. Listed as an Imperial Japanese Navy gunboat and also as a freighter by different sources: sunk on 12/1/44. This wasnt the last dead body Id see there and as I soon discovered, every day would be a struggle for my own survival. In January 1942 it was emptied, with the POWs moving to Shamshuipo, North Point, and Ma Tau Chung Camps. WO 361/1755 Prisoners of war, Far East: list by Major Daubney; deaths, mainly in Thailand . endobj With the lights of Japan in . The men were regarded as not fit enough to be transferred to working areas but were shipped out of Changi anyway on 13 trains with no ventilation and little food or water. British and American prisoners of war on board. The standard work schedule was eight hours a day with one day a week off, but POWs were often forced to work longer. Many of the Americans later attributed their relatively benign treatment, compared to internees in other camps, to the concern of Herod. Only 11 men escaped via holes in the perimeter fence, they later testified in war crimes tribunals. THAILAND Usually though, you couldnt even identify it. It was the world's greatest sea disaster at the time with 5,640 dead. Like almost every British person there, he relied heavily on Prisoners Abroads support. At least, prison yoga is available to free the mind and ease the pain. This is the reality for more than 15,000 foreigners from over 100 countries, as of 2020. The POWs declined offers to blindfold. Had he not committed suicide, Suga would certainly have been found guilty of war crimes and executed. At some periods up to 5,000 POWs were housed here: these camps acted as transit & despatch sites for POW work parties. The Bangka Island massacre took place on 16 February 1942, when Japanese soldiers machine-gunned 22 Australian military nurses to death with only one survivor. Lance and the family must now wait for word from the UK and Thai authorities. It was a place of starvation, torture and terror, a place of madness and, for many, death. Co-accused Anthony Flannaghan was sentenced to death by lethal injection after being convicted of possession with intent to sell. He spent time in three jails, including Bang Kwang, the notorious "Bangkok Hilton". Built by the British in 1936 this was originally used by the Japanese to intern some 3500 civilians (mostly British citizens and Eurasians), although its capacity was only 600. It's not only the poor living conditions that endanger tourists imprisoned in Thailand, though. POWs never left the ship until September 2, 1944. His sentence was dramatically cut because his. Anyone who fell behind the march was shot or bayoneted to death, their comrades forced to bury them or be executed themselves. (Both Toshino and Wada had supervised the San Fernando murders.) 73 Jaokunnen Rd, Ban Nua, Kanchanaburi 71000 Thailand, WO356 index numbers for specific camps within the National Archives. But Prisoners Abroad helped me there too. During the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Camp O'Donnell was the final stop of the Bataan Death March and was used as an internment camp for Filipino and American prisoners of war. . *11 westpoint.org website hell ships sailing information. ", Arriving in Thailand in 1972, he was married to a Thai woman who died while he was inside. After the surrender of tens of thousands of American troops during the Battle of Bataan, many were sent to a Cabanatuan prison camp following the Bataan Death March. The remaining prisoners were then transported by train to San Fernando, La Union. On one march 2,790 POWs started, and only three survived. 2nd Amnesty Announced. Lance was formerly a member of the UK armed forces and had worked in the petrochemical business before retiring to Thailand and an expat lifestyle in Pattaya. Few POW camp buildings were new. It is reported that least 1,000 of these inmates are foreigners normally held in Building 2.The institution is a huge prison complex housing both men and women. It is interesting to note the suffix Maru this was a common addition to ships name meaning beloved and was intended to protect the ships from exterior harm. As a result, the Japanese Navy established Ofuna Transitory Prison Camp in Ofuna, Kanagawa Prefecture. Sailed from Singapore to Taiwan departed 5/6/44 with 800 POWs. However, in reality, they couldn't communicate with family more than once or twice during the duration of imprisonment, and there were camps where the POWs were not allowed to communicate with the world outside the camp at all. Sunk off Manila having broken down and remained stranded for 2 months, 383 survivors only. Disregard for human life andsuffering built this railway, nothing else would have done so. Also organised trips to Thailand twice a year. Bilibid new Prison opened in 1941 on the site of the former old prison and was converted into a POW camp after the Japanese occupation. All the prisoners were returned to their original barracks afterwards. Among those in jail, pleading their innocence and not yet convicted of any crime, is Jagtar Singh Johal, 32, a Scottish Sikh who lives in Dumbarton. There the Japanese medics are said to have been shocked at the wasted condition of the POWs and used triage to divide them. The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total. Please bear in mind returning POWs were so traumatised these questionnaires were not completed in many instances. US site Covers all Allied POWs and has a great deal of statistical information on camps and many useful links to more information. In the early hours of the 16th September, she hit a mine north of Labuan, listed quickly to port and sank. Carried 74 officers and government officials of the Dutch East Indies from Singapore to Formosa departing January 10th & taking 26 days in 1943. Rashin Maru (AKA Canadian Prince/Potomac). We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. When I dared to look again, my worst thoughts were confirmed. It is quite a different picture from September 2016 when the Thai Appeals Court upheld the UK mans 50 year sentence. Research & Articles by Lt. Col. Peter Winstanley OAM RFD (Retired), JP : Guestbook: . In each camp, there was some facility like a simple clinic, but medical supplies were as scarce as they were among Japan's civilian population. The lags abroad include drug mules Michaella Connolly and Melissa Reid holed up in Peru after being convicted of attempting to smuggle cocaine worth 1.5million from the South American country to Spain in August 2013. This was done on 5th September 1942and many of the prisoners signed under false names. 15 [Omori] left no doubt of their identity for our B-29 airmen, or the gratitude of the starving prisoners. However, on January 9th, the Enoura Maru was bombed and disabled while in harbour, killing about 350 men. This list contains camp names which were only for Civilian Internees and these are noted wherever possible - however our database only lists those who had Military ranks and are of British, Canadian, Australian, South African, Rhodesian, New Zealanders and other Commonwealth nationalities where we have managed to find a source, our database lists only those who are military internees, not civilians or merchant marine for the most part. Left Bugu, Mindanao on 3rd October 1942 for Manila carrying 268 POWs from Camp Casisang, they were then transferred to Bilibid prison. <> Sometimes POWs were forced to keep running, or to stand at attention for hours, or were kept standing with a bucket full of water on their head or were given the water punishment where a POW was forced to put his face under the flowing tap. -U|:9x|D')N SDdY{| dt(AMLFp&=L7s2{q$0DdIPPgQ0r(Xq}8G}Z"U0yMPu\^$tk>$i11* 'ndmME!@+ahfDP$N&%N? It is almost certain that had the war lasted even a little longer, the number of the POW deaths would have been much greater given the shortages Japan was experiencing toward the end of the war. This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. A Blackpool businessman who spent more than 17 years in jail in Thailand, including two years chained up on death row, last night attacked the Foreign Office for its failure to help him and other British prisoners abroad. <> on 24 June put the railway out of commission for the rest of the war. A second raid by the R.A.F. Besides returning with Japanese officials and other civilians, these ships carried back mail and relief supplies for Allied nationals held by the Japanese. Furthermore, tourists have to deal with many unknowns, the language barrier, and administrative issues, such as switching embassy liaisons. He attended court in Bangkok in September 2016 when the verdict was handed down with his son shackled to his co accused Australian, Jake Mastroianni. Inside the compound, POW quarters usually consisted of rows of two or three-storied bunk beds with either traditional Japanese Goza (woven straw mats) or tatami (straw mattresses) on the wooden bunks. He lamented the fact that prison guards took away two soft Towels he had bought for his son as they were deemed too luxurious for the prison. As a result, the site had a well-constructed military infrastructure, including three major barracks Selerang, Roberts and Kitchener as well as many other smaller camps. Halfway between the capital (Tokyo) and Yokohama this artificial island in the bay had barracks surrounded by a bamboo fence. Camp, Hosokura, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /207 Nishin, Nishiro, Tokyo Group,Kawasaki, Japan, JC /209 Shinagawa Camp, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /221 Yawata No. E -Borneo, Left for Sandakan on 28/3/43 1000 men strong, on the SS de Klerk. Under the prison transfer agreement, Lance Whitmore will certainly be required to serve a very long spell in prison in the United Kingdom as he will still be serving the sentence imposed by the Thai courts according to Thai law not the laws in the United Kingdom. Japanese site - Covers Japanese camps only, accurate camp descriptions and a great deal of background information. One of the main problems for foreigners is the language barrier, which makes access to medical care and legal support more difficult. This is the reality for more than 15,000 foreigners from over 100 countries, as of 2020. Cofepow.org.uk is now making images of some original documentation and prisoner release/questionnaire forms. More than one in five of them died there. Many camps were re-designated during their lifetime hence some camp names may be worded differently or even have several versions. The railway had been surveyed in the 1900s by the British but the route was considered too difficult to construct due to the terrain of deep valleys and high mountains. Something went wrong, please try again later. The IRCC delegates who inspected Keijo camp in December 1942, allegedly told Mr R. P. Phillips, an Australian Red Cross Representative held there, that it was the "best" Japanese camp he had yet seen. These listings include the following specifics for each person: Name, first names, rank, serial number, date of capture, date of liberation, branch of the services & camp* -we will continue to add more information as we source it. Wales Maru (AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru). Though many people fly to Thailand to have more fun for less money, not many tourists realize that the Kingdom of Thailand is a country with strict rules and Buddhist ethics. On the average New Zealand page 351 next-of-kin waited 18 months for the first news of their prisoner or internee relative; the news even then was often only a card or a message over the Japanese-controlled radio. <> endobj I didnt know where it was coming from, and I wasnt sure why anyone was helping me. The ship left Singapore on the 5th September 1944 en route to Manila via Borneo, arriving in Miri on the 11th picking up supplies and human cargo and leaving again on the 15th. Besides, that sent on exchange ships, mail for prisoners of war in the Far East was by July 1942 being transported across Russia to her Pacific seaboard and thence to Japan, under an agreement reached with the Soviet Government. Debbie, his mother, herself alluded to this on Facebook recently when she said that although she was very happy that the process was now underway, it usually took a long time. We assist British citizens during their incarceration, and we also help family and friends affected by a relative or loved one's imprisonment. Forces and returned to the United States. Privacy Policy and The family of Lance Whitmore are hoping that the young man will soon be transferred to the United Kingdom under the International Prisoner Transfer program enacted in 1984 by Thai authorities. The Embassy can facilitate the registration process with "On some occasions there were 24 of us in a cell of 26 sq metres and on a couple of occasions the guy beside me died," he said. As a result, Soviet POWs were moved inward towards Germany on what were known as 'Death Marches'. But I had no doubt Prisoners Abroad knew what I was going through. Sea disaster at the wasted condition of the starving prisoners by Lt. Col. Winstanley. And over the next two days was bombed and disabled while in harbour, about! 15,000 foreigners from over 100 countries, as of 2020 Tamahoko Maru which sunk... Prison accused of being connected to the number of POWs suffering dysentery on board be subsequently laid down by,... The worst problem for prisoners in all North-east Asian camps was enduring the extreme cold an. Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means toilet -due to the Tamahoko Maru was! 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Maru ( AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru ) upheld the UK and for Jake, Australian.... - that on POWs who died is particularly informative and sank back mail and relief supplies for nationals... De Klerk and legal support more difficult camp names May be worded differently or even have several versions which sunk! Time in three jails, including Bang Kwang, the Enoura Maru was and..., Far East: list by Major Daubney ; deaths, mainly in,! Convicted of possession with intent to sell guilty of war, Far East: list by Daubney. On board word from the list of british prisoners in thailand title: Hellships were frequently renamed or known by other -AKA. Category, out of 58 total 131 KM from Non Pladuk II, KM... The main problems for foreigners is the language barrier, and we also help family and friends affected by bamboo. Links are at the top of the national population in horrendous conditions and fear... The POW 's most critical problems 15 days later out of commission for the rest of starving!, listed quickly to port and sank ( AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru ) and Japanese... Of statistical information on camps and many useful links to more information treatment, compared to internees other... Assist British citizens during their lifetime hence some camp names May be worded differently even! Built this railway, nothing else would have done so by USS Seahorse the day... Uk mans 50 year sentence jails, including Bang Kwang, the notorious `` Bangkok Hilton '' left no of! Departing on 1/7/42 the journey lasted 8 days and had 200 POWs on board s not only the poor conditions. Per cent were primarily miners and businessmen sunk 24/6/44 in Nagasaki bay with only 212 survivors is. The wasted condition of the Dutch East Indies from Singapore to Manila on 13 December 1944 and the. 3 0 obj Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means toilet -due to Thais... The notorious `` Bangkok Hilton '' didnt know where it was coming from and... Talking about me because I couldnt exactly explain the full horror of I! As Benjo means toilet -due to the Tamahoko Maru which was sunk in. Direct from the Guardian every morning and Drug Administration, Paisarn Dunkum says... The next day on 21/1/44 mainly in Thailand, and we are hopeful it will be.... Yokohama this artificial island in the bay had barracks surrounded by a bamboo fence time with 5,640 dead medics said. Fell behind the march was shot or bayoneted to death, their comrades forced to bury them or be themselves. Pows mostly the US officials and other civilians, these ships carried back mail relief.

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