how to cite gina guidelineshow to cite gina guidelines

Create and edit multiple bibliographies. Vitamin C Deficiency & Anemia. Here is a template for citing a standard: Template Reference list: Organization That Made the Standard. and transmitted securely. Clinicians should check inhaler adherence and treat any modifiable risk factors (Table 1) before considering a step up in treatment. Use of Global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines in asthma management among paediatric residents in a Sub Saharan African country: a cross-sectional descriptive study. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. What is GINA assessment? A subsequent study demonstrated that as-needed combination therapy reduced severe exacerbations in mild and moderate asthma, which was highlighted as a POEM in AFP (https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0301/p310.html). Benefits and risks of caffeine and caffeinated beverages. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc; March 2019.16. In 2003, Gibaldi wrote that, Quotations are effective in research papers when used selectively (p. 109). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Guidelines should identify key decisions and their consequences and should review the consequences of alternative decisions. F. A. Davis Company. Overview - Mayo Clinic. In-text: (Vitamin C Deficiency & Anemia, 2017). GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient's symptoms in an easy flowchart. General Guidelines for Writing a Paper: APA Style All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references in the text of your paper . If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. How do you cite the Bible or other classic works? Would you like email updates of new search results? Medication options include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta2 agonists, short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs), leukotriene receptor antagonists, and oral corticosteroids. Waljee AK, Rogers MA, Lin P, et al. Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: the OPTIMA randomized trial. A study by Gibson and colleagues investigated the efficacy and safety of oral azithromycin as add-on therapy in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma also taking a medium-dose or high-dose ICS plus a LABA.17 In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 420 patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (azithromycin 500 mg or placebo three times per week for 48 weeks). When citing multiple works by the same author with the same date, link your in-text citations to your references by adding a letter to the end of the year in both: (Smith, 2015a), (Smith, 2015b), (Smith, 2015c), etc. This series is coordinated by Michael J. Arnold, MD, contributing editor. In children six to 11 years of age, either a medium-dose ICS or a low-dose ICS/LABA combination should be used as a controller, with a SABA as needed. The ICS-formoterol combination inhaler is the preferred as-needed reliever therapy regardless of asthma severity. In addition, guidelines should be simple, user-friendly and widely disseminated. Copyright 2020 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Castro M, Corren J, Pavord ID, et al. https://www.guidelinecentral.com/share/drug-information/61314-637#section-title. . Use of an ICS-LABA (beclomethasone or budesonide and formoterol) as both reliever and controller medication improves symptom control and reduces hospitalizations and OCS use compared with the same or higher dose of a controller plus as-needed SABA.4, A short OCS course is a treatment option during an exacerbation when the patient fails to respond to an increased dose of reliever and controller after 2 to 3 days, has a history of sudden severe exacerbations, or has rapidly deteriorating lung function (peak expiratory flow or forced expiratory volume in 1 second <60% of personal best or predicted value).4, See TABLE 1 for a summary of adverse effects of various asthma medications.5-16, Severe or difficult-to-treat asthma refers to uncontrolled asthma at treatment steps 4 and 5 despite adequate adherence to treatment and treatment of contributory factors. Clinicians need to be aware of the changes and the evidence behind them. To ensure better medication adherence, asthma therapy regimens should be patient-specific, with a stepwise approach taken to find a regimen that controls the patients asthma symptoms while keeping the patient on the lowest dose possible, and should also be cost-effective. When the title page or cover credits both a committee and an agency, provide the committee name in the author element of the reference and the agency name in the source element of the reference. The GINA Assembly is a forum for exchange of scientific information and discussions on initiatives to improve asthma care in various countries, focusing on implementation strategies. NICE Guidelines can be found online so when referencing in the Harvard Cite Them Right style a 'webpage' format can be used. Daviss drug guide (16th ed.) 2017;390(10095):659-668.18. Laboratory or diagnostic manuals follow the format for books. Global metabolic profiling to model biological processes of aging in twins. Reference examples - APA Style How to Cite Quality Standards and Guidelines in APA Style by Chelsea Lee To cite a quality standard or guideline in APA Style, provide the author, date, title, and source of the work. 1. Asthma in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Provide the year of the report in the date element of the reference. Global Initiative for Asthma GINA, For Immediate Release Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease that causes breathlessness, chronic sputum, 12 November 2022 This World Pneumonia Day, 12 November 2022, the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS), of which Global Initiative for, On World Lung Day, the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) Calls for Action to Tackle Global Inequity in Respiratory Health 25 September, World COPD Day Your Lungs for Life: The Forum of International Respiratory Societies, Forum of International Respiratory Societies calls for collaborative efforts to fight pneumonia focusing on those at greatest risk, GINA Patient Guide: You Can Control Your Asthma, GINA Dissemination & Implementation Task Group, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Prednisolone acetate (prednisolone acetate) suspension/drops [Drug information]. To comment on this article, contact rdavidson@uspharmacist.com. Allergy. Double-space your entire paper, including the References list and any block quotes . Based on new data, the updated 2019 GINA guidelines do not recommend the use of a SABA inhaler alone for the treatment of mild asthma; instead, low-dose ICS-formoterol is recommended for as-needed and maintenance therapy. National Institutes of Health. Use of narrative medicine to identify key factors for effective doctor-patient relationships in severe asthma. For example, a full reference will look like: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2017) Air pollution: outdoor air quality and health. Patients with persistent and severe symptoms despite optimal use of step 4 treatments should be referred for allergist evaluation and consideration of add-on treatments. In the event that biologics are not an option for a patient, an OCS at a dosage of 7.5 mg or less per day prednisone equivalent may be considered. Use the committee or agency that developed the guideline in the author element of the reference when no individual authors are credited. When you need to leave out part of a quotation to make it fit grammatically or because it contains irrelevant/unnecessary information, insert ellipses. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 December 2016]. The GINA . The Global Initiative for Asthma 2019 guidelines provide recommendations for asthma treatment organized into five steps that correlate with disease severity. GINA recommends the continuation of medications, avoidance of nebulization and spirometry, and ensuring a written asthma action plan in COVID-19 times. COVID-19: Additional Precautions against Aerosols for the Slit Lamp User. - RxList, 2017). GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient's symptoms in an easy flowchart. The second and third examples show this: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the World Health Organization are agencies. In one study, 2% of adults diagnosed with asthma had serious cardiorespiratory conditions that were missed. If a resource contains no page numbers, as can be the case with electronic sources, then you cannot include a page number in the parentheses. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136, World Health Organization. Taill C, Chenivesse C, Devouassoux G, Bourdin A, Garcia G; G2A Groupe Asthme et Allergie; French Language Respiratory Society SPLF Socit de Pneumologie de Langue Francaise. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; January 2017.7. DoNOT italicize issue numbers. An official website of the United States government. Curr Opin Pulm Med. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 January 2017]. Cookies on OCLC websites. (2019). FOIA Accessed Date. The GINA asthma strategy report: what's new for primary care? government site. A double-blind trial conducted by OByrne and colleagues investigated the benefit of using an ICS plus a SABA compared with conventional treatment.18 A total of 3,849 patients aged 12 years or older with mild asthma were randomly assigned to terbutaline (twice-daily placebo plus terbutaline 0.5 mg prn), budesonide-formoterol (twice-daily placebo plus budesonide-formoterol 200 mcg/6 mcg prn), or budesonide maintenance (twice-daily budesonide 200 mcg plus terbutaline prn). NICE guidelines/ guidance Note This section covers both NICE guidelines and other NICE guidance series found on their website, e.g. In-text: (How can I prevent antibiotic-resistant infections? Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists regarding asthma management: a cross-sectional study in Egypt. Avicenna J Phytomed. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. 2008 Jun;44 Suppl 3:1-43. GINA recommends that a SABA not be prescribed as sole therapy because short-acting medications increase the risk of severe exacerbations and death. If the authors name is unavailable, use the first few words of the title of the article, book or Web source, including the appropriate capitalization and italics formatting. Bakakos P, Kostikas K, Loukides S, Makris M, Papadopoulos NG, Steiropoulos P, Tryfon S, Zervas E. J Pers Med. Guidelines for the management and prevention of asthma were published in 2019 by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite the source. The methodologies of each publication are Our web pages use cookiesinformation about how you interact with the site. How to cite various Panel Guidelines documents on Clinicalinfo (and mobile app) including Pediatric, Perinatal, Opportunistic Infections, Adult and Adolescent. Fongs 1987 study (as cited in Bertram, 1996) found that older students memory can be as good as that of young people, but this depends on how memory is tested. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. 2020 Jan 3;10:1. doi: 10.1186/s13601-019-0303-6. GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient . Before Twitter If two or more of your sources are written by authors with the same surname, include the first author's initials with the surname in every in-text reference. The first change is the switch from SABA-only treatment to ICS-containing treatment for as-needed treatment of symptoms in mild asthma.4 The second change is the use of add-on low-dose azithromycin three times per week for long-term treatment of patients with symptomatic asthma despite moderate-dose or high-dose ICS-LABA treatment; however, potential adverse events should be considered.17, The third change is the recommendation for dupilumab, an antiinterleukin-4 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, as an additional treatment option for patients aged 12 years and older with severe type 2 asthma or OCS-dependent asthma.19 A trial by Wenzel and colleagues demonstrated that dupilumab increased lung function and reduced severe exacerbations in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma.20, The fourth change is to include high-dose ICS-LABA treatment only in step 5, whereas previously it had been included in step 4 with moderate-dose ICS-LABA; this is because of the recommendation that high-dose ICS should be prescribed for only a few months based on the consideration of associated adverse events.17 The fifth change is the switch of maintenance OCS from a preferred treatment option to other controller option in step 5, based on the high risk of adverse outcomes.19. Italicize book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. PMC If you must add or slightly change words within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate the change with square brackets. Reed CE. You can abbreviate subsequent citations to NICE. Articles in the UpToDate database are available only in that database and have information that changes over time. Follow the principle of citing what you see. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine In the Gibson study, azithromycin was found to reduce asthma exacerbations; 44% of azithromycin patients experienced at least one exacerbation, compared with 61% of placebo patients (P <.0001). PDF Tools Share Abstract Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements designed to help practitioners and patients make decisions regarding the appropriate health care for specific circumstances. Provide the version number of the app (which you can obtain from the app itself once it is downloaded) in a separate set of parentheses. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc; February 2018.15. (2018). Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author or researcher and the date of publication. Use the year of last update in the date element. The site is secure. The guideline also strongly discourages the use of long-acting bronchodilators without an ICS because of increased risk of exacerbation. GINA plays a role in shaping research on the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and informs the development of point of care practice guides and decision support tools. All rights reserved. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Symptoms can be assessed with tools such as the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the Asthma Control Test, and the Royal College of Physicians Three Questions.2 These questionnaires enable a score to be associated with symptoms and ask patients about the frequency and types of symptoms such as nighttime awakenings and limitations in daily activities. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and classical works; they are cited in text only and are not included in the References list. The site is secure. Preferred options for adults and adolescents include a low-dose ICS/formoterol as both daily and as-needed treatment or a medium-dose ICS/LABA as daily maintenance treatment with a SABA as needed. PLoS One. Appropriate, effective medication regimens combined with counseling on proper inhaler technique will help patients achieve asthma-management goals. Book: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th ed. eCollection 2020. OByrne PM, Barnes PJ, Rodriguez-Roisin R, et al. MeSH [online] Stay Healthy. Enhanced oxidative stress in smoking and ex-smoking severe asthma in the U-BIOPRED cohort. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003075.pub3, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. The format in which you cite NCCN guidelines varies from journal to journal. 2018 Sep 21;13(9):e0203874. Bunning BJ, Contrepois K, Lee-McMullen B, Dhondalay GKR, Zhang W, Tupa D, Raeber O, Desai M, Nadeau KC, Snyder MP, Andorf S. Aging Cell. Coverage of guidelines from other organizations does not imply endorsement by AFP or the AAFP. This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes. On the first line of the page, write the section label "References" (in bold and centered). Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Example: ( Walker, 2003). Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). The potential harms of guidelines can be minimized if they are rigorously developed using evidence-based medicine. 2017 Jun 15;27:120. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.120.9260. Ignore the words A, An, and The when alphabetizing by title. https://himmelfarb.gwu.edu. In adults with characteristic symptoms, an increase or decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of greater than 12% and 200 mL from baseline or a change in peak expiratory flow of at least 20% is consistent with asthma. Available at:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng70(Accessed: day month year). World No Tobacco Day 2022. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Options for stepping down depend on which medication the patient is taking and which step the patient is on, but for most patients, the outcome is worse if the ICS or LABA is stopped completely.2 ICS dosing is outlined in TABLE 2. In asthma, lung function can vary between normal and severely obstructed, especially when poorly controlled. 2007 Feb;62(2):102-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01305.x. World Allergy Organ J. The Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library Medical technologies guidance or Interventional procedures guidance. You may want to check outThe Owl at Purdue for more tips on paraphrasing. The format for drug information is the same as for a webpage. 5) aptly phrased it. Guideline Central. A new update of the GINA guidelines was recently available and it is based on the control of the disease. 3) to use an asthma reliever for symptoms more than twice per week? Your Bibliography: Markus, P., 2017. Questions? No, Recommendations based on patient-oriented outcomes? Medication options include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta2 agonists, short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs), leukotriene receptor antagonists, and oral corticosteroids. Factors Influencing Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma Among Children in Malaysia. (Version 1.31) [Mobile app]. 2016 - Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) In-text: (Pocket guide for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2016) Your Bibliography: 2016. 67, No. Remember that [q]uotations are effective in research papers when used selectively (Gibaldi, 2003, p. 109). The full-text version displays when you visit the DOI of the article. When the References entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break itBEFORE a slash or dash or at another logical division point. Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report. Multidisciplinary Viewpoints on NTM-LD Diagnosis and Management, Reducing Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Antibiotic Use Linked to Reduced Effectiveness for Common NSCLC Therapy, Undertreatment Based on Guidelines Decreased COPD Exacerbations. A real-world implementation of asthma clinic: Make it easy for asthma with Easy Asthma Clinic. 2017. Each entry should be formatted with a hanging indent. In-text: (Co-trimoxazole Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com, 2017). https://www.guidelinecentral.com/share/summary/5acc36cc939f5#section-society, Grohskopf, L. A., Sokolow, L. Z., Broder, K. R., Walter, E. B., Fry, A. M., & Jernigan, D. B. However, the article PDFs show the year as the volume number, an issue number, and an article number. A. Davis Company.. Provide the publisher of the guideline in the source element of the reference. Options in adults and adolescents include low-dose ICS/long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) as daily treatment with a SABA as needed, or low-dose ICS/formoterol as both daily treatment and as needed. Website Anon 2017 In-text: (2017) Chikaodinaka Ayuk A, Ubesie A, Laura Odimegwu C, Iloh K. Pan Afr Med J. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are less effective but can be considered for patients who are unable or unwilling to use an ICS or who have concomitant allergic rhinitis.

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